BIO 277- Unit 5b Homework (Cardiovascular Physiology)

Match the letters on the image with the correct label for the baroreceptor reflex.

A- Carotic and aortic baroreceptors B- Cardiovascular control center C- Increased sympathetic output D- Decreased parasympathetic output E- Increased force of contraction of the heart F- Increased heart rate G- Increased MAP

Which of the following drugs would directly reduce heart rate when given to a patient with hypertension? Remember that "directly" means that the drug is interacting with a protein on the effector cell/ tissue.

Beta blockers

Which statement is correct about the effect of the autonomic nervous system on blood vessels?

Blood vessels are under tonic control and their response to epinephrine depends on whether they have alpha or beta adrenergic receptors. Increased epinephrine at alpha adrenergic receptors causes vasoconstriction and beta adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation.

Which graphic depicts high blood pressure as the cause for systemic edema? Choice A represents normal blood pressure and colloid pressure.

Choice D

Which of the following is a direct effect of parasympathetic signaling when blood pressure is too high? Note that direct effect means that the tissue has receptors for acetylcholine.

Decrease Heart Rate

Digitalis is a drug that disables the Na+/K+ATPase in all cells, including the myocardial pumping cells of the heart. How would treatment with digitalis affect force of contraction of the heart?

Force of contraction will increase because without the Na+/K+ATPase operating, the sodium gradient will be lost, and secondary active transport of calcium out of the cell will stop. Increased calcium in the cytosol causes increased force of contraction.

When MAP is elevated due to ingestion of abnormally large amounts of fluid, which would be the correct hormonal response?

Increased secretion of ANP and decreased secretion of renin.

Which of the following statements describes a correct response to damaged blood vessels?

Injury to the blood vessel exposes collagen which activates the agglutination of platelets

Which is the correct description of the RAAS pathway?

Low renal blood pressure causes increased secretion of renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen to ANG I. ANG I is converted to ANG II by ACE. ANG II has receptors in the adrenal cortex, where ANG II binding causes increased synthesis and release of aldosterone.

Which of the following is a homeostatically controlled variable?

Mean arterial pressure (MAP

The diagram shows a portion of a myocardial pumping cell. Which is the best description of how calcium is removed from the cytosol?

The Na+/K+ATPase at "A" is a primary active transporter that generates a sodium gradient. The Na+/Ca++ transporter at "B" removes calcium from the cytosol by secondary active transport using the energy in the sodium gradient.

Which is true about the effect of climbing to high altitude on a person's hematocrit?

The hematocrit of a climber who has spent several weeks at high altitude will be higher than normal because of increased release of EPO by the kidney.

Why can severe protein malnutrition cause edema?

There are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis, so colloid pressure is too low in the plasma. This causes less water to be reabsorbed into the capillaries.

Which statement correctly describes a way that water is conserved during a period of abnormally low mean-arterial-pressure.

Vasopressin (ADH) from the posterior pituitary reduces blood flow to the kidneys.

Aspirin can be taken by people that are at risk for a heart attack or stroke in order to:

reduce platelet agglutination