Bio 295 - 116 Chapter 3 Homework
Select all that apply Identify any of the following which are characteristic of nonsynthetic media. *Blended heart tissues *5g sodium chloride *5ml sheep blood cells *500mg dextrose
*Blended heart tissues *5ml sheep blood cells
The numerical aperture in the oil immersion lens is approximately which of the following? *0.75 *0.50 *1.00 *1.25
1.25
IF the ocular is a 10X lens and the nosepiece objective happens to be a 10X objective, then what is the total magnification? *1X *10X *100X *1000X *20X
100X
What are the usual temperatures that are used in the laboratory to propagate microorganisms? *20-40 degrees C *40-60 degrees C *60-80 degrees C *0-20 degrees C
20-40
What is the total magnification for a microscope when the ocular is a 10X and you are using the high power objective 40X? *4X *400X *4000X *50X *40X
400X
Once liquified, agar does not resolidify until it cools to what temperatures? *60 degrees C *42 degrees C *100 degrees C *75 degrees C
42 degrees C
Nonliquifiable solid media can contain one of the following materials as the solidifying agent except which of the following? *Cooked meat media *potato slices *rice grains *agar
Agar
_____________________ is a solidifying agent used in media that melts at 100 degrees C and does not resolidify until it reaches 42 degrees C.
Agar
Select all that apply Which are correct regarding the six "I"s used for culturing microorganisms? *Aseptic technique should be maintained *The process is a progression of steps that must be followed in order *The six "I"s always begin with inoculation *It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification
Aseptic Technique should be maintained It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification
The selective agent in MacConkey Agar is __________ salts.
Bile
Identify the selective agent in EMB agar *Crystal violet *Bile salts *Safranin *Vinegar
Bile salts
Which tests determine the fundamental chemical characteristics of microbes such as presence of enzymes? *Biochemical *Microscopic *Genetic *Macroscopic
Biochemical
Which of the following wavelengths should give the best resolution? *Red *Green *Blue *Yellow
Blue
How much resolution can an electron microscope obtain (i.e. what can we see with this microscope)? *Dark-field microscopes can magnify better *Can see structures as small as 100 nm *Can see structures as small as 0.5 nm *Can see structures as small as 0.5mm
Can see structures as small as 0.5 nm
Select all that apply Negative staining of a cell can yield results concerning which of the following? *The type of cell wall *Cell size *The presence of a capsule *The presence of flagella *Cell shape and arrangement
Cell size Cell shape and arrangement The presence of a capsule
The color-bearing portion of a dye is termed the ____________ and has a charge that attracts it to certain parts bearing the opposite charge.
Chromosphore
Where are colonies formed during the pour plate method? *Colonies grow only on the surface of the plates *Colonies grow on the surface and within the medium
Colonies grow on the surface and within the medium
All of the following apply to the loop dilution and pour plate method except which one? *Colonies grow only on the surface of the plates *Cells have ample space to grow into discrete colonies *Colonies grow on the surface and within the medium *the number of cells is reduced in each liquid agar tube
Colonies grow only on the surface of the plates
Which of the following is the typical "color" of microorganisms? *Red *Blue *Green *Colorless *Purple
Colorless
A scanning _________ microscope uses a laser beam of light to scan various depths in a specimen.
Confocal
Which of the following microscopes uses a laser beam? *Confocal *Fluorescence *Bright-field *Interference
Confocal
When a culture shows two or more microbes of uncertain identity that have been introduced into it, the culture is considered to be which of the following? *Contaminated *Axenic/pure *Mixed
Contaminated
Which of the following terms is used to describe a collection of bacteria growing in broth or on agar? *Culture *Fastidious *Colony *Growth
Culture
Which of the following is a medium that works by showing two reaction types, such as a color change in some colonies but not in others? *Minimal medium *Enriched medium *Differential medium *Selective medium
Differential
Media that allows the growth of multiple types of microbes but are designed to distinguish characteristics among members of the culture are called which of the following? *Differential media *Specific media *Special media *Selective media
Differential media
Which of the following has the greatest magnification power? *Electron microscope *Light microscope *Dark-field microscope *They are all the same! *Fluorescent microscope
Electron microscope
Select all that apply Media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined include which of the following? *Extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts *Sodium chloride *Cell secretions *Disodium hydrogen phosphate *Blood and serum
Extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts Cell secretions Blood and serum
A wet, hanging drop mount can assess whether an organism is Gram-negative or positive. *True *False
False
True or False: Isolation of colonies usually requires a large number of cells to be inoculated over an expansive are of medium.
False
Which of the following is an optical microscope that uses UV radiation as the illuminating source? *Interference *Phase-contrast *Fluorescence *Dark-field
Fluorescence
Select all that apply Which chemicals are used to fix microbial cells? *Sodium *Chloride *Formalin *Alcohol *Water
Formalin Alcohol
Phase-contrast microscopy compared to bright-field microscopy gives which of the following? * Less internal detail of the cell *About the same amount of cell structure *Only external cell detail *Greater internal details of the cell
Greater internal details of the cell
Which of the following is an organic compound, such as a vitamin or amino acid, that must be provided in the diet to facilitate survival of certain bacteria. *Glucose *Mineral *Dye *Growth factor
Growth factor
Which of the following methods would be preferred to visualize a microorganism for a true assessment of size, shape, color, and motility? *Hanging drop method *Basic stain *Gram stain
Hanging drop method
Which of the following is a common method for attaching bacteria to a glass slide? *Alcohol fixation *Heat fixation *Formalin denaturation
Heat Fixation
Which of the following determines the type of microbe at the species level? *Inspection *Isolation *Identification *Incubation *Infection
Identification
A(n) _____________ is the name of the equipment which is used to precisely regulate the environment for microbes to grow.
Incubator
Which describes any technique that results in individual bacteria separate from others? *Inoculation *Isolation *Incubation *Infection
Isolation
Select all that apply Which are correct regarding the six "I's used for culturing microorganisms? *It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification *The process is a progression of steps that must be followed in order *The six "I"s always begin with inoculation *Aseptic technique should be maintained
It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification. Aseptic technique should be maintained.
A scanning confocal microscope is characterized by which of the following? *Its use of a beam of electrons to scan the specimen *Its use of ultraviolet radiation to scan the specimen *Its use of a laser beam to scan the specimen
Its use of a laser beam to scan the specimen
Magnification results from the interaction of which of the following? *Lens curvature and optical aperture *Light waves and lens curvature *Optical aperture and light source
Light waves and lens curvature
Select all that apply Identify the simple stain(s): *Gram Stain *Methylene Blue *Malachite Green *Crystal Violet
Malachite Green Crystal Violet Methylene Blue
Identify the statement which accurately describes the six "I"s for the culturing of microorganisms. *The microbe collection must not be contaminated *Microbes must be grown in pure culture *Contamination is not a concern during inspection
Microbes must be grown in a pure culture
Which of the following is absolutely true for all viruses? *Must grown in or on living cells *Must be airborne *Must be resistant to light
Must grow in or on living cells
__________ staining is a general type of staining that does not disrupt the cell structure with heat fixation and can indicate the presence of a capsule.
Negative
______________ staining is a general type of staining that does not disrupt the cell structure with heat fixation and can indicate the presence of a capsule.
Negative
______________________ solid media do not melt and contain materials such as rice grains, cooked meat media, and potato slices.
Nonliquifiable
The ___________ ______________ is the mathematical constant that describes the relative efficiency of a lens in bending light rays.
Numerical Aperture
The resolving power of a microscope is calculated by dividing the wavelength of light by double the ________ of the objective lens. *Magnification power *Length *Refraction *Numerical aperture
Numerical Aperture
The resolving power of a microscope is calculated by dividing the wavelength of light by double the _________ of the objective lens. *numerical aperture *refraction *magnification power *length
Numerical aperture
Which lens forms the initial image of the specimen viewed under a light microscope? *Iris *Ocular *Condenser *Objective
Objective
Organelles, granules, and bacterial endospores are best observed using which microscope? *Scanning Electron *Phase Contrast *Dark Field *Bright field
Phase Contrast
Select all that apply Identify the four types of visible-light microscopes *Phase Contrast *Atomic Force *Bright Field *Dark Field *Interference *Scanning tunneling *Confocal
Phase Contrast Bright Field Dark Field Interference
Basic dyes carry a _____________ charged chromosphere and acidic dyes have a ____________ charged chromosphere.
Positively; Negatively
Which of the following is the initial image of a specimen formed by the objective lens? *Virtual image *Fixed image *Real image
Real Image
Which of the following is the initial image of a specimen formed by the objective lens? *Virtual image *Fixed image *Real image
Real image
__________ power is the ability of a microscope to show detail.
Resolving
Which of the following wavelengths should give the best resolution? *Short wavelengths *Ultra long wavelengths *Long wavelengths
Short wavelengths
____________ stains require only a single dye.
Simple
Select all that apply Heat fixing a sample in microscopy is done for which purpose? *Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide *Preserving various cellular components in a natural state *Making a more permanent mount for long-term study *Drying the liquid used to make the smear *Highlighting cell structure for observation
Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide Preserves various cellular components in a natural state Making a more permanent mount for long-term study
A collection of bacteria on a loop which is thinly spread across a glass slide, allowed to air-dry, and heat fixed is called a _________________
Smear
In brain heart infusion broth (a complex, nonsynthetic media), none of the ingredients can be chemically defined, except by which of the following? *Brain extract *Sodium chloride *Peptone extract *Beef extract
Sodium chloride
At room temperature, agar will always be which of the following? *Solid *Liquid *Selective
Solid
Which of the following is NOT true for viruses? *Must grow within a cell *Some viruses can be grown in nutrient agar *Cannot replicate on their own *Some viruses can be grown in chicken eggs
Some viruses can be grown in nutrient agar
Select all that apply What is involved in making a smear> *Applying a liquid suspension to a cover slip *Staining the slide background and then applying cells *Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide *Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide
Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide
The procedure that involves applying cationic or anionic chemicals (dyes) to specimens is called ____________.
Staining
Identify the method of speeding a small culture sample over a solid medium in a pattern that gradually thins out the sample resulting in isolated colonies. *Streak plate method *Spread plate method *Loop dilution/pour plate method *Inoculation plate method
Streak plate method
Identify the method of spreading a small culture sample over a solid medium in a pattern that gradually thins out the sample resulting in isolated colonies. *Inoculation plate method *Loop dilution/pour plate method *Spread plate method *Streak plate method
Streak plate method
Which of the following media are chemically definable? *Nonsynthetic *Synthetic
Synthetic
Select all that apply Which of the following is described as a medium which has known quantities of every ingredient within it? *Complex *Synthetic *Undefined *Defined
Synthetic Defined
The streak plate technique works by using an inoculating loop to spread a bacterial sample in a pattern that thins it out but this only works if which of the following is done? *There is a new diluted sample added at each step *The culture is pure to begin with *The inoculating loop is sterilized only at the beginning of the pattern *The inoculating loop is re-sterilized at each thinning step of the pattern
The inoculating loop is re-sterilized at each thinning step of the pattern
Identify the statement which accurately describes the six "I"s for the culturing of microorganisms. *Microbes must be grown in pure culture *The microbe collection must not be contaminated *Contamination is not a concern during inspection
The microbes must be grown in pure culture
Which describes fastidious organisms? *They grown on minimal media *They require growth factors and/or complex nutrients *They require simple nutrients when grown in culture
They require growth factors and/or complex nutrients
Select all that apply Identify all the benefits of using sold agar compared to using liquid media. *Useful for isolating fungi *Provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies *Useful for isolating bacteria *Solid agar allows greater growth of microorganisms
Useful for isolating fungi Provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies Useful for isolating bacteria
Which of the following is the terminology used to describe the image of something viewed using a microscope? *Virtual *Real *Fixed *Actual
Virtual image
Select all that apply Which of the following are obligate parasites: *Most bacteria *Yeasts *Fungi *Rickettsias *Viruses
Viruses Rickettsias
Select all that apply Identify all of the following which are considered growth factors typically added to enrich culture media. *Blood *Amino acids *Vitamins *Agar
Vitamins Amino acids Blood
Different types of culture __________ provide nutrients for microbial growth.
medium
A ____________ culture is a container that holds two or more easily differentiated species of microorganisms.
mixed
The ____________ _______________ is the mathematical constant that describes the relative efficiency of a lens in bending light rays.
numerical aperture
VBNC is the abbreviation for _____________ but ________________ and may describe most of the microbes in the environment.
viable but nonculturable