Bio 295 - 116 Chapter 3 Homework

Select all that apply Identify any of the following which are characteristic of nonsynthetic media. *Blended heart tissues *5g sodium chloride *5ml sheep blood cells *500mg dextrose

*Blended heart tissues *5ml sheep blood cells

The numerical aperture in the oil immersion lens is approximately which of the following? *0.75 *0.50 *1.00 *1.25

1.25

IF the ocular is a 10X lens and the nosepiece objective happens to be a 10X objective, then what is the total magnification? *1X *10X *100X *1000X *20X

100X

What are the usual temperatures that are used in the laboratory to propagate microorganisms? *20-40 degrees C *40-60 degrees C *60-80 degrees C *0-20 degrees C

20-40

What is the total magnification for a microscope when the ocular is a 10X and you are using the high power objective 40X? *4X *400X *4000X *50X *40X

400X

Once liquified, agar does not resolidify until it cools to what temperatures? *60 degrees C *42 degrees C *100 degrees C *75 degrees C

42 degrees C

Nonliquifiable solid media can contain one of the following materials as the solidifying agent except which of the following? *Cooked meat media *potato slices *rice grains *agar

Agar

_____________________ is a solidifying agent used in media that melts at 100 degrees C and does not resolidify until it reaches 42 degrees C.

Agar

Select all that apply Which are correct regarding the six "I"s used for culturing microorganisms? *Aseptic technique should be maintained *The process is a progression of steps that must be followed in order *The six "I"s always begin with inoculation *It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification

Aseptic Technique should be maintained It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification

The selective agent in MacConkey Agar is __________ salts.

Bile

Identify the selective agent in EMB agar *Crystal violet *Bile salts *Safranin *Vinegar

Bile salts

Which tests determine the fundamental chemical characteristics of microbes such as presence of enzymes? *Biochemical *Microscopic *Genetic *Macroscopic

Biochemical

Which of the following wavelengths should give the best resolution? *Red *Green *Blue *Yellow

Blue

How much resolution can an electron microscope obtain (i.e. what can we see with this microscope)? *Dark-field microscopes can magnify better *Can see structures as small as 100 nm *Can see structures as small as 0.5 nm *Can see structures as small as 0.5mm

Can see structures as small as 0.5 nm

Select all that apply Negative staining of a cell can yield results concerning which of the following? *The type of cell wall *Cell size *The presence of a capsule *The presence of flagella *Cell shape and arrangement

Cell size Cell shape and arrangement The presence of a capsule

The color-bearing portion of a dye is termed the ____________ and has a charge that attracts it to certain parts bearing the opposite charge.

Chromosphore

Where are colonies formed during the pour plate method? *Colonies grow only on the surface of the plates *Colonies grow on the surface and within the medium

Colonies grow on the surface and within the medium

All of the following apply to the loop dilution and pour plate method except which one? *Colonies grow only on the surface of the plates *Cells have ample space to grow into discrete colonies *Colonies grow on the surface and within the medium *the number of cells is reduced in each liquid agar tube

Colonies grow only on the surface of the plates

Which of the following is the typical "color" of microorganisms? *Red *Blue *Green *Colorless *Purple

Colorless

A scanning _________ microscope uses a laser beam of light to scan various depths in a specimen.

Confocal

Which of the following microscopes uses a laser beam? *Confocal *Fluorescence *Bright-field *Interference

Confocal

When a culture shows two or more microbes of uncertain identity that have been introduced into it, the culture is considered to be which of the following? *Contaminated *Axenic/pure *Mixed

Contaminated

Which of the following terms is used to describe a collection of bacteria growing in broth or on agar? *Culture *Fastidious *Colony *Growth

Culture

Which of the following is a medium that works by showing two reaction types, such as a color change in some colonies but not in others? *Minimal medium *Enriched medium *Differential medium *Selective medium

Differential

Media that allows the growth of multiple types of microbes but are designed to distinguish characteristics among members of the culture are called which of the following? *Differential media *Specific media *Special media *Selective media

Differential media

Which of the following has the greatest magnification power? *Electron microscope *Light microscope *Dark-field microscope *They are all the same! *Fluorescent microscope

Electron microscope

Select all that apply Media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined include which of the following? *Extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts *Sodium chloride *Cell secretions *Disodium hydrogen phosphate *Blood and serum

Extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts Cell secretions Blood and serum

A wet, hanging drop mount can assess whether an organism is Gram-negative or positive. *True *False

False

True or False: Isolation of colonies usually requires a large number of cells to be inoculated over an expansive are of medium.

False

Which of the following is an optical microscope that uses UV radiation as the illuminating source? *Interference *Phase-contrast *Fluorescence *Dark-field

Fluorescence

Select all that apply Which chemicals are used to fix microbial cells? *Sodium *Chloride *Formalin *Alcohol *Water

Formalin Alcohol

Phase-contrast microscopy compared to bright-field microscopy gives which of the following? * Less internal detail of the cell *About the same amount of cell structure *Only external cell detail *Greater internal details of the cell

Greater internal details of the cell

Which of the following is an organic compound, such as a vitamin or amino acid, that must be provided in the diet to facilitate survival of certain bacteria. *Glucose *Mineral *Dye *Growth factor

Growth factor

Which of the following methods would be preferred to visualize a microorganism for a true assessment of size, shape, color, and motility? *Hanging drop method *Basic stain *Gram stain

Hanging drop method

Which of the following is a common method for attaching bacteria to a glass slide? *Alcohol fixation *Heat fixation *Formalin denaturation

Heat Fixation

Which of the following determines the type of microbe at the species level? *Inspection *Isolation *Identification *Incubation *Infection

Identification

A(n) _____________ is the name of the equipment which is used to precisely regulate the environment for microbes to grow.

Incubator

Which describes any technique that results in individual bacteria separate from others? *Inoculation *Isolation *Incubation *Infection

Isolation

Select all that apply Which are correct regarding the six "I's used for culturing microorganisms? *It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification *The process is a progression of steps that must be followed in order *The six "I"s always begin with inoculation *Aseptic technique should be maintained

It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification. Aseptic technique should be maintained.

A scanning confocal microscope is characterized by which of the following? *Its use of a beam of electrons to scan the specimen *Its use of ultraviolet radiation to scan the specimen *Its use of a laser beam to scan the specimen

Its use of a laser beam to scan the specimen

Magnification results from the interaction of which of the following? *Lens curvature and optical aperture *Light waves and lens curvature *Optical aperture and light source

Light waves and lens curvature

Select all that apply Identify the simple stain(s): *Gram Stain *Methylene Blue *Malachite Green *Crystal Violet

Malachite Green Crystal Violet Methylene Blue

Identify the statement which accurately describes the six "I"s for the culturing of microorganisms. *The microbe collection must not be contaminated *Microbes must be grown in pure culture *Contamination is not a concern during inspection

Microbes must be grown in a pure culture

Which of the following is absolutely true for all viruses? *Must grown in or on living cells *Must be airborne *Must be resistant to light

Must grow in or on living cells

__________ staining is a general type of staining that does not disrupt the cell structure with heat fixation and can indicate the presence of a capsule.

Negative

______________ staining is a general type of staining that does not disrupt the cell structure with heat fixation and can indicate the presence of a capsule.

Negative

______________________ solid media do not melt and contain materials such as rice grains, cooked meat media, and potato slices.

Nonliquifiable

The ___________ ______________ is the mathematical constant that describes the relative efficiency of a lens in bending light rays.

Numerical Aperture

The resolving power of a microscope is calculated by dividing the wavelength of light by double the ________ of the objective lens. *Magnification power *Length *Refraction *Numerical aperture

Numerical Aperture

The resolving power of a microscope is calculated by dividing the wavelength of light by double the _________ of the objective lens. *numerical aperture *refraction *magnification power *length

Numerical aperture

Which lens forms the initial image of the specimen viewed under a light microscope? *Iris *Ocular *Condenser *Objective

Objective

Organelles, granules, and bacterial endospores are best observed using which microscope? *Scanning Electron *Phase Contrast *Dark Field *Bright field

Phase Contrast

Select all that apply Identify the four types of visible-light microscopes *Phase Contrast *Atomic Force *Bright Field *Dark Field *Interference *Scanning tunneling *Confocal

Phase Contrast Bright Field Dark Field Interference

Basic dyes carry a _____________ charged chromosphere and acidic dyes have a ____________ charged chromosphere.

Positively; Negatively

Which of the following is the initial image of a specimen formed by the objective lens? *Virtual image *Fixed image *Real image

Real Image

Which of the following is the initial image of a specimen formed by the objective lens? *Virtual image *Fixed image *Real image

Real image

__________ power is the ability of a microscope to show detail.

Resolving

Which of the following wavelengths should give the best resolution? *Short wavelengths *Ultra long wavelengths *Long wavelengths

Short wavelengths

____________ stains require only a single dye.

Simple

Select all that apply Heat fixing a sample in microscopy is done for which purpose? *Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide *Preserving various cellular components in a natural state *Making a more permanent mount for long-term study *Drying the liquid used to make the smear *Highlighting cell structure for observation

Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide Preserves various cellular components in a natural state Making a more permanent mount for long-term study

A collection of bacteria on a loop which is thinly spread across a glass slide, allowed to air-dry, and heat fixed is called a _________________

Smear

In brain heart infusion broth (a complex, nonsynthetic media), none of the ingredients can be chemically defined, except by which of the following? *Brain extract *Sodium chloride *Peptone extract *Beef extract

Sodium chloride

At room temperature, agar will always be which of the following? *Solid *Liquid *Selective

Solid

Which of the following is NOT true for viruses? *Must grow within a cell *Some viruses can be grown in nutrient agar *Cannot replicate on their own *Some viruses can be grown in chicken eggs

Some viruses can be grown in nutrient agar

Select all that apply What is involved in making a smear> *Applying a liquid suspension to a cover slip *Staining the slide background and then applying cells *Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide *Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide

Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide

The procedure that involves applying cationic or anionic chemicals (dyes) to specimens is called ____________.

Staining

Identify the method of speeding a small culture sample over a solid medium in a pattern that gradually thins out the sample resulting in isolated colonies. *Streak plate method *Spread plate method *Loop dilution/pour plate method *Inoculation plate method

Streak plate method

Identify the method of spreading a small culture sample over a solid medium in a pattern that gradually thins out the sample resulting in isolated colonies. *Inoculation plate method *Loop dilution/pour plate method *Spread plate method *Streak plate method

Streak plate method

Which of the following media are chemically definable? *Nonsynthetic *Synthetic

Synthetic

Select all that apply Which of the following is described as a medium which has known quantities of every ingredient within it? *Complex *Synthetic *Undefined *Defined

Synthetic Defined

The streak plate technique works by using an inoculating loop to spread a bacterial sample in a pattern that thins it out but this only works if which of the following is done? *There is a new diluted sample added at each step *The culture is pure to begin with *The inoculating loop is sterilized only at the beginning of the pattern *The inoculating loop is re-sterilized at each thinning step of the pattern

The inoculating loop is re-sterilized at each thinning step of the pattern

Identify the statement which accurately describes the six "I"s for the culturing of microorganisms. *Microbes must be grown in pure culture *The microbe collection must not be contaminated *Contamination is not a concern during inspection

The microbes must be grown in pure culture

Which describes fastidious organisms? *They grown on minimal media *They require growth factors and/or complex nutrients *They require simple nutrients when grown in culture

They require growth factors and/or complex nutrients

Select all that apply Identify all the benefits of using sold agar compared to using liquid media. *Useful for isolating fungi *Provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies *Useful for isolating bacteria *Solid agar allows greater growth of microorganisms

Useful for isolating fungi Provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies Useful for isolating bacteria

Which of the following is the terminology used to describe the image of something viewed using a microscope? *Virtual *Real *Fixed *Actual

Virtual image

Select all that apply Which of the following are obligate parasites: *Most bacteria *Yeasts *Fungi *Rickettsias *Viruses

Viruses Rickettsias

Select all that apply Identify all of the following which are considered growth factors typically added to enrich culture media. *Blood *Amino acids *Vitamins *Agar

Vitamins Amino acids Blood

Different types of culture __________ provide nutrients for microbial growth.

medium

A ____________ culture is a container that holds two or more easily differentiated species of microorganisms.

mixed

The ____________ _______________ is the mathematical constant that describes the relative efficiency of a lens in bending light rays.

numerical aperture

VBNC is the abbreviation for _____________ but ________________ and may describe most of the microbes in the environment.

viable but nonculturable