Bio: Chapter 15

Which would have the largest effect on the primary structure of a protein, adding one nucleotide near the middle of an mRNA or changing one nucleotide to another near the beginning of an mRNA? a. adding one nucleotide b. changing one nucleotide

They would both have similar effects.

Which of the following functions as a "stop" signal for a prokaryotic RNA polymerase?

a region of the mRNA that can base-pair to form a hairpin

How are tRNAs charged?

By aminoacyl tRNA synthetases

Which amino acid is specified by the codon CUC?

Leucine

In the genetic code, one codon

consists of three bases and specifies a single amino acid

Frameshift mutations often result in the truncated proteins. Explain this observation based on the genetic code.

:)

Eukaryotic transcription differs from prokaryotic in that

Eukaryotic have three RNA polymerases while prokaryotic only has one

Introns

are coded in the DNA and are removed from RNA before it leaves the nucleus

In the initiation stage of prokaryotic translation, where does tRNA^fMet bind?

at the start codon in the P site

Which of the following RNA molecules is NOT correctly matched with its function? a. mRNA---carries genetic message from DNA to protein-synthesizing machinery b. tRNA---connects genetic message to amino acids needed in protein being built c. snRNA---localizes ribosomes to the rough ER d. rRNA---structural component of ribosomes

c (Note: study all correct options)

The ribosome

is composed of two subunits

Codons are found in which of the following types of RNA?

mRNA

A nonsense mutation

will lead to the premature termination of translation