Bio exam 3

Which habitat would most likely have the greatest species richness?

(tropical; rain) forest

Which of the following applies to the deepest zone of a large lake

Anaerobic condition

Natural selection acts most directly on

Effect populations

The most productive region of a lake is the ____ zone

littoral

Approximately what proportion of the radiant energy entering an ecosystem is used in photosynthesis

1%

Which of the following processes restores nitrogen to the air

Denitrification

A linear depiction of energy flow in an ecosystem is a(n

Food chain

Which of the following is an adaptation of black-tailed prairie dogs

Modified digestive tracts easily digest seeds of grasses

lake in which of the following locations would be expected to have the highest species richness

National forest

An example of a density-dependent factor that influences the size of a population is

d. parasites.

Which statement best describes a typical food chain

An owl has a positive impact on the grass population.

On average, clouds and surfaces, especially snow, ice, and the ocean, immediately reflect away ____% of the solar radiation that falls on Earth

30%

What is a typical feature of K-selected organisms?

A low reproductive rate

The ____ realm has long been separated from other land masses and is the area in which marsupials are particularly common

Australian

Net primary productivity represents

B

Transpiration is most closely associated with

B. Terrestrial plants

Which country would be expected to have the greatest species richness per unit area?

Brazil

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding populations in biology?

C. Populations exhibit characteristics distinctive from those of the individuals of which they are composed.

In accordance with the time hypothesis, which of the following countries would be expected to have the LEAST species richness?

Canada

When the size of a population begins to approach K, we can expect that the growth rate will:

Decrease rapidly

Which statement about Earth's biomes is FALSE

Deserts have less rainfall due to their distance from the ocean

A biological community and its abiotic environment together comprise which of the following?

Ecosystem

Which process plays the most important role in the phosphorous cycle

Erosion

Organisms that eat plants exclusively are known as

Herbivores

The event in human history that changed the natural balance of the carbon cycle was the

Industrial Revolution

Two members of the same species compete for a limited resource, resulting in equal sharing of the limited resource. What is this called?

Inter specific

Many poisonous snakes share warning colors of red, yellow, and black. This is an example of:

Müllerian mimicry

What term refers to the average rate at which organisms produce offspring?

Natality

Which of the following would increase population size?

Natality

Which of the following is NOT a condition that is likely to lead to uniform population dispersion?

Pressure from predation

Which pair best represents photosynthetic organisms

Primary producer and autotroph

Which factor is most important in determining the distribution of organisms in aquatic biomes

Salinity

What two abiotic factors are considered to most affect organisms

Temperature and water

The primary reason that Earth experiences seasons is because of the

Tilted axis

Based on latitude only, which of the following U.S. states would be expected to have the highest species richness?

a. Georgia

Large-scale experiments conducted in oak forests of the northeastern United States linked bumper acorn crops to booming mouse populations. The conclusion from these experiments is that

a. increased levels of first trophic level productivity cause an increase in disease vector activities. c. increased levels of first trophic level productivity cause a decrease in disease vector activities.

Density-independent factors:

are typically abiotic

Keystone species

are typically not the most abundant species in the community

At zero population growth:

b = d.

Which of the following relationships is incorrectly paired

b. Nesting seabirds—random dispersion

Which of the following organisms would have the highest intrinsic rate of increase?

bacteria

The major components of Earth's atmosphere, from the lowest concentration to the greatest concentration,

carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen

Traditionally, most ecologists have assumed that community stability is a consequence of:

community complexity

Which organisms may be a keystone species in a tropical rain forest?

d. Fig trees

Which of the following series correctly represents the hierarchical organization within ecology?

d. Population → community → ecosystem → biosphere

An organism's role within the structure and function of a particular community is

d. ecological niche

Which factors are an example of a negative feedback system?

density dependent

A transitional zone where two or more communities meet is known as which of the following?

e. Ecotone

The best definition of population density is the number of individuals

e. of one species in a given area at a given time.

What key factor limits the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem

energy loss

The ability to meet humanity's current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is

environmental sustainability

What environment is characterized by high nutrient inputs and by relatively great fluctuations in salinity and temperature

estuary

Building roads, parking lots, buildings and bridges all contribute to

habitat destruction

which of the following habitat types would species diversity be expected to be relatively low?

high environmental stress

There are no trees in the tundra because

limited root penetration due to permafrost

A population that is divided into several local populations among which individuals occasionally disperse (emigrate and immigrate) is known as a:

metapopulation

The 'sun's energy is produced bu

nuclear fusion reactions

Iteroparity is common in which of the following organisms?

perennial herbaceous plants

Which of the following consists of organisms, all of which share a common gene pool?

population

Generally, r-selected organisms exhibit

short life spans and early maturity

Which scenario best describes facilitation?

species interaction that modifies and enhances the local environment for other species

Currently, much commercial lumber and wood products come from which biome

temperate rain forest

Near the poles, what is generally the overriding climate factor

temperature

Habitat is best described as:

the local environment in which a species lives