BIO EXAM 4 questions

29. During times of stress, which one of the following glands stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH? A) hypothalamus B) pancreas C) adrenal medulla D) posterior pituitary E) anterior pituitary

A) hypothalamus

13. Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system? A) increased digestion and absorption B) decreased respiratory rate C) increased blood pressure D) decreased heart rate E) increased bladder contraction

C) increased blood pressure

21. Which one of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body? A) vestibule B) stapes C) semicircular canals D) ampulla and cupula E) oval window

C) semicircular canals

7. Each of the following statements correctly describes an action potential EXCEPT which one? A) Once triggered, an action potential always looks the same in form and voltage. B) An action potential continues to propagate itself into the next region of an axon. C) Action potentials are propagated by the sodium-potassium pump. D) Action potentials include a depolarization phase followed by a repolarization phase. E) Action potentials temporarily reverse the polarization of the axon membrane.

C) Action potentials are propagated by the sodium-potassium pump.

14. People who are intoxicated (NOT the Liberty Way!) cannot coordinate their movements or walk a straight line because alcohol disrupts the normal function of which region of the brain? A) cerebellum B) cerebrum C) corpus callosum D) hypothalamus E) thalamus

A) cerebellum

23. The transparent covering of the front of the eye is the A) cornea. B) lens. C) iris. D) fovea centralis. E) pupil

A) cornea.

26. The pituitary gland is often called the "master of the endocrine system" because A) it secretes eight different hormones that in turn regulate many of the other endocrine glands. B) all other hormones must be activated by enzymes released by the pituitary gland. C) it contains neuroendocrine cells that activate many of the other endocrine glands. D) all blood vessels must pass through the pituitary so hormones can be regulated. E) releasing and inhibiting factors for most other endocrine glands are released by the pituitary.

A) it secretes eight different hormones that in turn regulate many of the other endocrine glands.

3. Which one of the following cells transmits impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs? A) motor neurons B) interneurons C) sensory neurons D) neuroglia E) dendrites

A) motor neurons

6. Which one of the following occurs with each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump? A) Sodium is moved into the cell, creating a net negative charge outside the cell. B) The net effect is removal of one osmotic particle and one positive charge from inside the cell. C) The net effect is removal of one osmotic particle and one negative charge from inside the cell. D) The inside of the cell becomes more negative as potassium is pumped out. E) Two potassium ions and three sodium ions are pumped out of the cell.

B) The net effect is removal of one osmotic particle and one positive charge from inside the cell.

24. All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one? A) Many hormones are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier. B) Hormones are distributed via the circulatory system. C) Hormones exert their effects on cells that have the specific hormone receptor. D) Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system. E) The endocrine system and the nervous system frequently interact.

D) Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.

5. Which one of the following happens during repolarization of a neuron? A) Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential. B) Potassium channels close, preventing further loss of positive ions. C) The sodium-potassium pump is turned off. D) Sodium channels open to allow sodium ions to rush back out of the cell. E) The membrane potential is eliminated

A) Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential.

11. Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by which one of the following? A) stimulating saltatory conduction B) stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons C) inhibiting postsynaptic neurons from repolarizing D) inhibiting presynaptic neurons from depolarizing E) stimulating depolarization of presynaptic neurons

B) stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons

18. A stronger stimulus results in which one of the following? A) larger action potentials B) greater frequency of action potentials C) action potentials that travel more quickly D) activation of more receptors and initiation of more action potentials E) neural fatigue

D) activation of more receptors and initiation of more action potentials

1. Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment? A) motor division B) sympathetic division C) parasympathetic division D) sensory division E) autonomic division

D) sensory division

15. Control of respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure is integrated through the A) cerebral cortex. B) cerebellum. C) thalamus. D) hypothalamus. E) medulla oblongata.

E) medulla oblongata.

4. During which one of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron? A) depolarization B) reestablishment of resting potential C) saltatory propagation D) both depolarization and repolarization E) repolarization

E) repolarization

20. Vibration of the ________ bends hairs of the hair cells, which ultimately generate impulses in ________. A) basilar membrane; hair cells B) sensory neurons; tectorial membrane C) hair cells; sensory neurons D) organ of Corti; hair cells E) basilar membrane; sensory neurons

E) basilar membrane; sensory neurons

33. The two major subdivisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the limbic nervous system.

FALSE

25. The following is a list of events involved in the activation of a cell by a steroid hormone. Which one of the following answers best represents the order in which the steps occur? 1. cellular response to the hormone 2. activation of a gene 3. formation of a hormone-receptor complex 4. diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane 5. production of a protein A) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 B) 2, 5, 4, 3, 1 C) 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 D) 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 E) 4, 3, 2, 1, 5

A) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1

9. Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they A) are a type of neuroglial cell. B) are located in the central nervous system. C) conduct nerve impulses. D) help neurons regenerate after injury. E) are located in the peripheral nervous system.

A) are a type of neuroglial cell.

17. Short-term memory is associated with the ________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the ________. A) limbic system; cerebral cortex B) cerebral cortex; hypothalamus C) cerebral cortex; limbic system D) hypothalamus; cerebral cortex E) limbic system; hypothalamus

A) limbic system; cerebral cortex

31. Thyroxine is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of A) ACTH. B) TSH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH

B) TSH.

16. Which of the following parts of the brain is associated with emotions and behavior? A) corpus callosum B) limbic system C) cerebellum D) hypothalamus E) medulla oblongata

B) limbic system

27. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by A) stimulating alpha cells of the pancreas to produce more hormones. B) promoting the entry of glucose into cells. C) stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. D) activating hormone production in the posterior pituitary gland. E) promoting the breakdown of fat

B) promoting the entry of glucose into cells.

10. Which one of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last? A) Action potential arrives at an axon bulb. B) Neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft. C) Chemically gated channels for sodium open. D) Calcium diffuses into an axon bulb. E) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

C) Chemically gated channels for sodium open

Which one of the following hormone pairs is antagonistic, in that they have opposing effects? A) estrogen, progesterone B) epinephrine, norepinephrine C) glucagon, insulin D) oxytocin, prolactin E) thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

C) glucagon, insulin

22. An individual never developed otoliths in the inner ear due to a genetic defect. Which one of the following will be impaired as a result? A) hearing low-pitched sounds B) hearing high-pitched sounds C) sense of head position and linear acceleration D) maintenance of balance E) sense of rotational movement

C) sense of head position and linear acceleration

8. Which one of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential? A) Na+ leak channel B) K+ leak channel C) sodium-potassium pump D) depolarization E) repolarization

C) sodium-potassium pump

2. Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via which one of the following? A) glial cells B) motor neurons C) sensory neurons D) interneurons E) macrophages

D) interneurons

28. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting by A) stimulating the synthesis of fatty acids. B) promoting the conversion of amino acids into proteins in muscle tissues. C) increasing the glucose-dependent inflammatory response. D) promoting fat utilization. E) inhibiting glucose utilization in muscle cells.

D) promoting fat utilization.

12. Both voluntary and involuntary skeletal muscle movement are controlled through which one of the following divisions of the nervous system? A) sensory division B) sympathetic division C) parasympathetic division D) somatic division E) endocrine division

D) somatic division

30. Which one of the following causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla? A) ACTH from the anterior pituitary B) AMTH form the anterior pituitary C) releasing hormone from the hypothalamus D) sympathetic nerves E) parasympathetic nerves

D) sympathetic nerves

19. Receptor adaption occurs when A) impulse transmission stops at a synapse. B) the brain ignores the incoming action potentials. C) the stimulus stops. D) the sensory neuron stops sending action potentials. E) action potentials from multiple sensory neurons cancel one another.

D) the sensory neuron stops sending action potentials.

35. During periods of stress or increased activity, the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates; during periods of rest, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates.

FALSE

36. Somatic sensations include temperature, touch, vibration, pressure, and pain; these sensations originate from receptors found in specific, localized areas of the body

FALSE

39. Every hormone in the human body needs to interact with an appropriate receptor on the target cell's membrane before it can cause a response.

FALSE

43. Erythropoietin, a hormone secreted by the liver, stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

FALSE

34. The somatic division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) controls skeletal muscles?

TRUE

37. Both eyes have an optic disk. When an image is focused on the optic disk, it cannot be "seen."

TRUE

38. The retina is composed of four layers of cells, which are the pigmented cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and the ganglion cells. Axons of the ganglion cells become the optic nerve.

TRUE

40. The levels of potassium and sodium in the body are regulated primarily by the hormone aldosterone.

TRUE

41. When the amount of thyroxine in the body increases, the basal metabolic rate of the body also increases.

TRUE

42. Nitric oxide helps regulate blood flow in many tissues and is involved in the development and control of penile erection.

TRUE