Bio Lab Exam (5-8)

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Each individual's _______ _________________ is different, except...

Each individual's DNA sequence is different, except for identical twins

Meiosis I

Homologous chromosomes separate

Anaphase II:

Independent assortment

Amylase Lab: Temperature

Lower temperatures decreased the amount of time it took for the reaction to complete; temp between 22-37C were ideal

DNA figure-printing procedure combines...

Micropetting, restrictive enzyme digestion, and gel electrophoresis

Techniques for DNA Analyzing:

Micropipetting, Restrictive Enzyme digestion, and Gel Electrophoresis

Pigments are...

Non-polar

Lab 4.2: What does PTU do?

Normally it inhibits the activity of catechol oxidase

5ul on a p1000

Not possible

Interphase I

One cell with duplicated chromosomes (crossing over)

Best pipettor for 5ul? Best pipettor for 150ul?

P20; P200

What absorbs most of the visible light?

Pigments in the Chloroplasts

Depends on what?

Polarity: polar molecules move slower (spend more time on the paper) and non-polar molecules move faster

Components are separated based on what two factors?

Size and Polarity

Amylase breaks down what into what?

Starch (deep purple) into maltose (amber)

Lab 4.2: Which is the control?

Test Tube 3

Lab 4.1: how do we know catechol oxidase was the only enzyme affecting the potato?

Test Tube 3 (control) was just the potato and water and had no different affects than Test Tube 1 showing the catechol oxidase was the only enzyme affecting it

Lab 4.1: Which tubes were controls?

Test Tubes 1 and 3; Test Tube 2 was the only experimental tube

Amylase Lab: pH

The ideal pH was 7--took the least amount of time

Amylase Lab: Concentration

The solution was continually diluted increasing the time it took for the reaction to finish

Gel Electrophoresis

To visualize and analyze nucleic acids; used to separate biomolecules based on size

Micropipetting

Transferring small volumes of solution

Veins:

Transports H20 and sugar

Mitosis produces...

Two identical daughter cells

RF (retention factor):

Used to identify compounds: distance traveled by solute/distance traveled by solvent

Lab 4.2: What was the end result?

When we increased the concentration the color stayed the same (clear; not murky) meaning there was still catechol oxidase present... meaning PTU is noncompetitive (irreversible)

Lab 4.2: What are we investigating?

Whether PTU is a competitive or noncompetitive inhibitor

Catechol Oxidase

breaks down Catechol (in the plant cell vacuole) to Benzoquinone (responsible for browning fruit)

Enzymes:

catalyzed the reaction, but are not consumed

Negatively charged DNA will...

migrate toward the positively charged anode

Smaller Fragments will...

move through gel more easily and travel longer distance

Homologous Chromosomes are...

similar but not identical

Chromosomes can be...

single or duplicated

Meiosis II

sister chromatids separate

Gel electrophoresis can determine what?

the size of fragments based on DNA ladder/marker

55ul on a P200

0, 5, 5

7.5 ul on a P20

0, 7, 5

10 ul on a P20

1, 0, 0

The affect of the other temperatures

1. 80C caused the reaction to take VERY VERY long 2. 4C slowed down the reaction by a TINY amount

P-1000

100-1000 ul

P-200

20-200 ul

Meiosis produces...

4 haploid cells (genetically different)

P-20

5-20 ul

Longest Time to Shortest Time Order:

9, 4/8, 5, 6, 7

DNA Fingerprinting

A technique used for identification by extracting and identifying the base-pair pattern of an individual's DNA

Chromatography:

A technique used to separate the individual components of a mixture

Stomata:

Allows for 02 and C02 exchange

Mesophyll cells:

Cells that are involved in photosynthesis

Guard Cells

Cells that change shape to open or close a pore

Two things present in Animal Cell division, but absent in Plant Cell division:

Centrioles and Asters

Restrictive Enzyme digestion

Cutting DNA at specific sites to manipulate and analyze DNA


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