Bio Lab Exam (5-8)
Each individual's _______ _________________ is different, except...
Each individual's DNA sequence is different, except for identical twins
Meiosis I
Homologous chromosomes separate
Anaphase II:
Independent assortment
Amylase Lab: Temperature
Lower temperatures decreased the amount of time it took for the reaction to complete; temp between 22-37C were ideal
DNA figure-printing procedure combines...
Micropetting, restrictive enzyme digestion, and gel electrophoresis
Techniques for DNA Analyzing:
Micropipetting, Restrictive Enzyme digestion, and Gel Electrophoresis
Pigments are...
Non-polar
Lab 4.2: What does PTU do?
Normally it inhibits the activity of catechol oxidase
5ul on a p1000
Not possible
Interphase I
One cell with duplicated chromosomes (crossing over)
Best pipettor for 5ul? Best pipettor for 150ul?
P20; P200
What absorbs most of the visible light?
Pigments in the Chloroplasts
Depends on what?
Polarity: polar molecules move slower (spend more time on the paper) and non-polar molecules move faster
Components are separated based on what two factors?
Size and Polarity
Amylase breaks down what into what?
Starch (deep purple) into maltose (amber)
Lab 4.2: Which is the control?
Test Tube 3
Lab 4.1: how do we know catechol oxidase was the only enzyme affecting the potato?
Test Tube 3 (control) was just the potato and water and had no different affects than Test Tube 1 showing the catechol oxidase was the only enzyme affecting it
Lab 4.1: Which tubes were controls?
Test Tubes 1 and 3; Test Tube 2 was the only experimental tube
Amylase Lab: pH
The ideal pH was 7--took the least amount of time
Amylase Lab: Concentration
The solution was continually diluted increasing the time it took for the reaction to finish
Gel Electrophoresis
To visualize and analyze nucleic acids; used to separate biomolecules based on size
Micropipetting
Transferring small volumes of solution
Veins:
Transports H20 and sugar
Mitosis produces...
Two identical daughter cells
RF (retention factor):
Used to identify compounds: distance traveled by solute/distance traveled by solvent
Lab 4.2: What was the end result?
When we increased the concentration the color stayed the same (clear; not murky) meaning there was still catechol oxidase present... meaning PTU is noncompetitive (irreversible)
Lab 4.2: What are we investigating?
Whether PTU is a competitive or noncompetitive inhibitor
Catechol Oxidase
breaks down Catechol (in the plant cell vacuole) to Benzoquinone (responsible for browning fruit)
Enzymes:
catalyzed the reaction, but are not consumed
Negatively charged DNA will...
migrate toward the positively charged anode
Smaller Fragments will...
move through gel more easily and travel longer distance
Homologous Chromosomes are...
similar but not identical
Chromosomes can be...
single or duplicated
Meiosis II
sister chromatids separate
Gel electrophoresis can determine what?
the size of fragments based on DNA ladder/marker
55ul on a P200
0, 5, 5
7.5 ul on a P20
0, 7, 5
10 ul on a P20
1, 0, 0
The affect of the other temperatures
1. 80C caused the reaction to take VERY VERY long 2. 4C slowed down the reaction by a TINY amount
P-1000
100-1000 ul
P-200
20-200 ul
Meiosis produces...
4 haploid cells (genetically different)
P-20
5-20 ul
Longest Time to Shortest Time Order:
9, 4/8, 5, 6, 7
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique used for identification by extracting and identifying the base-pair pattern of an individual's DNA
Chromatography:
A technique used to separate the individual components of a mixture
Stomata:
Allows for 02 and C02 exchange
Mesophyll cells:
Cells that are involved in photosynthesis
Guard Cells
Cells that change shape to open or close a pore
Two things present in Animal Cell division, but absent in Plant Cell division:
Centrioles and Asters
Restrictive Enzyme digestion
Cutting DNA at specific sites to manipulate and analyze DNA
