bio review

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a cell from a cactus. cell from a mushroom. bacterial cell. cell from a fish. cell from a paramecium.

bacterial cell

Which of the following human cells would contain cilia? red blood cell sperm cell from the trachea (windpipe) neuron bone cell

cell from the trachea (windpipe)

The stack of thylakoids labeled "A" in this figure is called chloroplast. thylakoid space. granum. cristae. stroma.

granum.

The figure below reflects how these two cells would respond in a(n) ________ environment. hypotonic isotonic hypertonic diffuse ionic

hypertonic

Eukaryotic cells move their organelles using the cytoskeleton. the endomembrane system. cilia. the plasma membrane. flagella.

the cytoskeleton

Proteins within the extracellular matrix play a role in communicating between the matrix and the cytoskeleton. True False

TRUE

The hydrophilic parts of the plasma membrane face the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm. True False

TRUE The polar heads of the phospholipids face toward the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm where there is a watery medium.

When a cell is in a solution where the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as in the solution, the solution is called isotonic. hypertonic. hypotonic. osmotonic. saturated.

isotonic.

In the setup shown in the figure below, which process allows the water to move across the membrane? osmosis active transport phagocytosis facilitated diffusion passive transport

osmosis

A general eukaryotic cell is typically in the area of 0-1 mm. 1-10 nm. 1-10 micrometers. 10-100 micrometers. 10-100 mm.

10-100 micrometers

When a potted houseplant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements? The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to lose water. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing cells to lose water. The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to gain water. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water. The water creates an isotonic environment that allows for the cells to neither gain nor lose water.

The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water.

In which way are vesicles different from vacuoles? They are not made from membranes. They are smaller. Vesicles are more specialized than vacuoles. They are most often involved in storage. They are primarily found in plant cells.

They are smaller.

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is cytoskeleton. cellulose. extracellular matrix. plasmodesmata. middle lamella.

cellulose

Which of the following is not a type of intracellular protein? actin filaments myosin cellulose microtubules kinesin

cellulose

Probable factors that affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include all of the following except concentration. size. color. time. charge.

color

Chromosomes are made from condensed vesicles. expanded ribosomes. expanded polysaccharides. condensed chromatin. cell recognition proteins.

condensed chromatin.

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that function in photosynthesis. are the sites of starch production. resemble the cytoskeleton of animal cells. take the place of the plasma membrane that would be found in animals. connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.

connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both contain DNA. are involved in protein production for the cell. are involved in cellular waste processing. are membranous sacs involved in storage. are involved in helping to maintain cell shape.

contain DNA.

The figure below demonstrates which key concept regarding cell activities? coupled reactions the first law of thermodynamics enzyme inhibition receptor-mediated endocytosis active transport

coupled reactions

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA. a cell membrane and cytoplasm. a nucleus and a cell membrane. cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and a nucleus. DNA and a cell membrane.

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

Surface-to-volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function; some cells increase their ratio by developing finger-like projections. having multiple membranes surrounding them. growing extremely large to increase their surface area. using amoeboid movement to spread out farther. using phagocytosis to pull the membrane inward.

developing finger-like projections.

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it requires transport proteins. requires energy from the cell. does not require energy from the cell. does not require control by the nucleus. moves molecules from low to high concentration.

does not require energy from the cell.

In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in moving organelles throughout the cell. maintaining cell shape. producing the cytoskeleton. containing DNA. modifying lipids and proteins.

maintaining cell shape.

Which of the following organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell that is seeking to fertilize an egg cell? mitochondria lysosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Ribosomes

mitochondria

Which of the following is a correct matching of an organelle and its function? Golgi apparatus - protein synthesis mitochondrion - cellular respiration lysosome - transport vacuole - control center endoplasmic reticulum - houses DNA

mitochondrion - cellular respiration

There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that doctors prescribe for infection. The antibiotic combines with the bacteria's ribosomes causing them to lose their function. Consequently, the cells die and the person gets better. In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by stopping photosynthesis. preventing them from packaging materials. stopping the production of ATP energy. not allowing them to produce proteins. stopping them from being able to move.

not allowing them to produce proteins.

Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What structure does Y represent? capsule flagella nucleoid cell wall fimbriae

nucleoid

Which of the following structures would not be found in a prokaryotic cell? cell membrane nucleus ribosomes flagella chromosomes

nucleus

Which of the following is not a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells? enables cells to migrate along intracellular fibers permits communication between the extracellular matrix and the cells creates a variety of consistencies for cells to live in, from flexible cartilage to solid bone helps cells have flexibility produces numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cell to cell

produces numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cell to cell

Which structures determine the flexibility of the extracellular matrix? proteins lipids carbohydrates phospholipids nucleic acids

proteins

Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane? nucleus chloroplast mitochondrion lysosomes ribosomes

ribosomes

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function. the number of microvilli the size of the nucleus cilia movement surface-area-to-volume ratio the ability to photosynthesize

surface-area-to-volume ratio

What function does the nucleolus have? houses the chromatin prepares products for export from the cell contains enzymes for intracellular digestion contains the majority of cellular DNA codes for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA

codes for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Which of the following would be able to pass freely through a plasma membrane? H2O C6H12O6 CO2 NaOH C10H13N5O4

CO2

ATP releases energy when a ribose is added. adenine is removed. a phosphate is removed. deoxyribose is added. sunlight strikes it.

a phosphate is removed

Which of the following terms best describes entropy? order disorder potential energy kinetic energy energy conversions

disorder

The nucleus has a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus, the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes. To exit the nucleus, these molecules must diffuse through the double membrane into the cytoplasm. pass through carrier proteins which use ATP to transport the molecules. attach to carrier molecules that carry them through the membrane. pass through pores that span both membranes. be transported across the two membranes by means of vesicles.

pass through pores that span both membranes.

Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm. prevent the DNA from influencing the activities in the cytoplasm. prevent materials associated with the DNA from coming into contact with the cell's cytoplasm. separate the DNA and mRNA from the cytoplasm. separate the DNA from the RNA.

separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm.

If blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the cells will shrink due to water loss by the cell. be unaffected since they have a cell membrane to separate them from the solution. swell due to diffusion. burst due to active transport. shrink due to the loss of solutes from the blood cell.

shrink due to water loss by the cell.

Which of the following is not a function of junction proteins? to stitch cells together so that they do not move apart to allow information to pass between adjacent cells to bind cells together into a functional organ to permit cells to recognize one another to allow cell-to-cell communication

to permit cells to recognize one another

Receptor proteins receive incoming nutrients and store them until they are needed by the cell. only function in very specific cell types that receive sensory information. transmit information from outside the cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli. are found embedded in the nuclear membrane and transmit information to the cell's cytoplasm on how to make a protein from the DNA. receive large molecules and transmit them through the membrane.

transmit information from outside the cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli.

Plant cells have walls but do not have plasma membranes. True False

FALSE All cells have plasma membranes, which serve to regulate the passage of molecules and ions into and out of a cell.

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast? It converts light energy into chemical energy. It aids in intracellular digestion. It manufactures proteins. It converts chemical energy into heat energy. It stores water

It converts light energy into chemical energy.

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction? ATP consumes energy from another metabolic reaction. ADP often transfers a phosphate to the reactant. The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP. ATP gains a phosphate group. ADP is used up in the metabolic reaction.

The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP.

Resolving power is the ability to tell two points apart as separate points. ability to make an object larger. focusing mechanism used to bring objects clearly into view. optimum power used to most clearly view the entire specimen. depth of the specimen clearly in focus.

ability to tell two points apart as separate points.

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the feedback site. active site. substrate location. inhibitor. solute.

active site.

In the following figure, which cell exhibits the condition of plant cells that have been placed in a hypertonic environment? a b c Both a & b Both b & c

c

A prokaryotic cell has no DNA. does not have a membrane-bound nucleus. does not have ribosomes. does not have cytoplasm. is typically larger than a eukaryotic cell.

does not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium— a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a light microscope. electron microscope. magnifying glass. unaided eye. dissecting microscope.

light microscope.

Which of the following organelles is not involved in producing substances needed by a cell? smooth endoplasmic reticulum lysosome ribosome rough endoplasmic reticulum peroxisome

lysosome

A tadpole that is undergoing metamorphosis into a frog and losing the need for a tail would see abundant numbers of which organelle to help assist in the tail loss? smooth endoplasmic reticulum vacuoles centrioles microtubles lysosomes

lysosomes

Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work? nucleus vacuole mitochondria Golgi apparatus chloroplast

mitochondria

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits, it is necessary for other molecules to pass through the membrane via pores made of carbohydrates. be broken down into their constituent atoms to move through the membrane. be converted into other types of molecules so that they meet the specific traits necessary. pass through the membrane via nucleic acids. pass through the membrane via proteins.

pass through the membrane via proteins

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vesicle around the red blood cell. This process is called active transport. phagocytosis. exocytosis. pinocytosis. facilitated diffusion.

phagocytosis.

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell? ribosome nucleus plasma membrane lysosome vacuole

plasma membrane

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution? plasma membrane transport proteins, which help pump the excess water out of the cell the presence of a cell wall water moving out of the cell the presence of chloroplasts

the presence of a cell wall

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season? The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells. Plant root cells will grow in excess to try to reach fresh water. Plant cells will take on excess water from the melted ice and become turgid. Salt is in limited supply in the ecosystem and this type of overuse will make it even more so. The deer in these areas have the danger of consuming too much of it as they forage for food.

The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells.

Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell? rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane Golgi apparatus - ribosome - plasma membrane nucleus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane smooth endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane - Golgi apparatus - ribosome

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane

The only molecules that can pass freely through the plasma membrane are ones that are positively charged. small and hydrophobic. ones that are polar. small and polar. small and negatively charged.

small and hydrophobic.

Which of the following is an incorrect match? ribosomes - protein synthesis Golgi apparatus - protein alteration and packaging mitochondria - production of cellular ATP lysosomes - cellular digestion smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

Which of the following shows the flow of energy at the cellular level through the biosphere? solar energy - mitochondria - chloroplast chloroplast - solar energy - mitochondria solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria mitochondria - solar energy - chloroplast chloroplast - mitochondria - solar energy

solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria

The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity? to transport molecules across the membrane to allow one cell to recognize another of the same type or from the same body to attach to the cytoskeleton on the interior of the cell and maintain the cell in a position relative to other cells to maintain the membrane's fluidity to catalyze reactions that are crucial to the cell's functioning

to allow one cell to recognize another of the same type or from the same body

Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities? ATP ADP adenosine AMP H+ ions

ATP

Identify which of the following statements is not true. ATP is formed when energy is released during cell respiration. When ATP becomes ADP + P, the amount of energy released is enough for a biological purpose. ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups. ATP contains the energy form used for cellular work. ADP is low in potential energy.

ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups.

The figure below represents a metabolic pathway. What happens if Enzyme2 is defective and nonfunctional? Product Z would increase in amount. Substrate Y would not be metabolized. Substrate X would not be metabolized. Substrate X would increase in amount. Substrate X is destroyed.

Substrate Y would not be metabolized.

In the setup shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe what would be observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed? The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes present in the beaker than in the tube. The level of the solution in the tube would lower because the glucose and salt would move into the tube. The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker. The level of the solution would not change as the membrane prohibits any exchange between the tube and the beaker. The level of solution in the tube would see no change because the solute levels are equal on both sides.

The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.

In the setup shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe the conditions observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed? The beaker contents will be hypertonic to the tube contents. The tube contents will be hypertonic to the beaker contents. The beaker and tube contents are isotonic to each other. The beaker contents will be hypotonic to the tube contents. The beaker contents and the tube contents will not have changed at all.

The tube contents will be hypertonic to the beaker contents.

Some proteins within a cell can be viewed with the human eye. an electron microscope. a light microscope. a magnifying glass. a dissecting microscope.

an electron microscope.

Identify the organelle - function pairing that is incorrect. flagella - long, tail-like structure used in motility of some cells ribosomes - capable of producing proteins for the cell plasma membrane - provides strength to plant cell walls lysosomes - contain digestive enzymes that can digest molecules or cellular components nucleus - houses the DNA used for controlling all cell function

plasma membrane - provides strength to plant cell walls

Which feature is found in all cells? plasma membrane composed of phospholipids nucleus containing DNA cell wall composed of cellulose flagella nucleoid region that contains DNA

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Plant cells can communicate with each other via ________, as indicated by the arrow in the figure. plasmodesmata fimbriae centrioles cytoskeleton pili

plasmodesmata

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a hypertonic plant cell. osmotic plant cell. isotonic plant cell. plasmolyzed plant cell. ruptured plant cell.

plasmolyzed plant cell.

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to produce glucose. produce ATP. produce lipids. break down proteins. manufacture phospholipids.

produce ATP.

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells? Plant cells only have a cell wall, and animal cells only have a plasma membrane. Plant cells only have a plasma membrane, and animal cells only have a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a cell wall, but only animal cells have a plasma membrane.

Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.

Which of the following is an example of osmosis? Glucose is transported from our blood stream across cell membranes and into the cytoplasm. Sodium is pumped across a cell to increase its concentration on one side of the cell membrane. The fragrance from a broken bottle of perfume travels throughout the department store. A bacterium in the blood stream is engulfed by a white blood cell. Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine.

Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine.

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics? Energy is conserved. Energy can be changed from one form to another. Energy is often destroyed. All energy comes from the sun. Energy is always used up in reactions.

Energy can be changed from one form to another.

The nuclear membrane differs from the plasma membrane in that the nuclear membrane is a single layer of phospholipids. True False

FALSE Both the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane are comprised of a phospholipid bilayer.

Intestinal cells absorb glucose via facilitated diffusion. What would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed? Glucose absorption would increase. Glucose absorption would decrease. Glucose absorption would stop. Glucose absorption would not be affected. Glucose absorption would be slow at first and then increase.

Glucose absorption would decrease.

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged? smooth ER rough ER Golgi apparatus ribosomes plasma membrane

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle? Golgi apparatus lysosomes mitochondria ribosomes chloroplasts

Golgi apparatus

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through, A.a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophobic layer of phospholipid heads. a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, and then another hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails. a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails. D.a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads. a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.

a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium? passive transport diffusion active transport osmosis pinocytosis

active transport

Which of these words does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient? osmosis diffusion passive transport active transport facilitated diffusion

active transport

Which of the following is not a function of the endomembrane system? prepares molecules for export from the cell provides a place for produced cellular materials to be refined manufactures molecules acts as the control center of the cell assists in moving materials from one part of the cell to another

acts as the control center of the cell

Which is the most common type of intercellular junction between cells of the bladder? adhesion junctions gap junctions tight junctions plasmodesmata None of these are found between cells of the bladder.

adhesion junctions

Which is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy? an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate a skier at the bottom of the hill instead of the top of the hill a pile of leaves that have been burnt a candle giving off light

an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both ________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, ________. are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells are found in bacteria; are used to capture radiant energy and convert it into chemical energy are organelles involved in the production of proteins; are found in animal cells produce glucose needed for cellular processes; are found in plant cells are responsible for cell movements; help to produce the microtubules seen in cilia

are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to transport water into the cytoplasm. bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body. allow the passage of H+ ions into the cell. perform metabolic reactions. divide.

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.

Mitochondria are found in plant cells. animal cells only. both plant cells and animal cells. neither plant cells nor animal cells. animal cells and bacterial cells only

both plant cells and animal cells.

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane thereby emptying their contents into an area that can stimulate some response. What type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms and then surfaces on the cell's plasma membrane? active transport diffusion exocytosis pinocytosis osmosis

exocytosis

In what function do the embedded membrane proteins at "c" serve? simple diffusion facilitated and active transport support for the membrane phagocytosis osmosis

facilitated and active transport

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in simple diffusion. facilitated diffusion. pinocytosis. active transport. phagocytosis.

facilitated diffusion.

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions? substrate inhibition entropy capture ATP blockage feedback inhibition temperature levels

feedback inhibition

Which of the following is not a mechanism used to move materials in and out of the cell? osmosis facilitated diffusion active transport feedback inhibition phagocytosis

feedback inhibition

Without tight junctions in certain tissues, cells would not be able to communicate with each other. fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create. the tissues would not be able to expand and stretch without damage. nutrients would not be able to be passed from cell to cell. cells would not be able to migrate during their development.

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.

Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used? DNA - nucleus mRNA - nucleus and cytoplasm rRNA - cytoplasm glucose - lysosome proteins - ribosome

glucose - lysosome

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide? greater ability to allow for osmosis increased surface area for photosynthesis greater ability to remove waste from the cell cytosol greater surface area for ATP production increased space for protein synthesis

greater surface area for ATP production

Simple diffusion of molecules occurs from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration. in nonliving systems as well as living systems. across plasma membranes only through transport proteins. until those molecules are more highly concentrated on one side of the plasma membrane. only in molecules that are in a gaseous state.

in nonliving systems as well as living systems.

Energy of activation is the energy required for molecules to react with each other. requires the use of enzymes. allows for feedback inhibition. acts on the products of metabolic reactions. is a measure of the amount of solar radiation striking a leaf surface.

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell lacks organelles beyond ribosomes. is larger. does not require energy. is not living. has no method of movement.

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.