BIOL 111 Chapter 7 Mastering
The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?
-Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. -Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. -Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. -Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other.
Which statements are true for chloroplasts? Select the three that apply.
-They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy. -They contain the green pigment chlorophyll. -They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma.
golgi apparatus
modifies and packages proteins
Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?
A, the golgi apparatus
Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA.
C, nucleus
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
C, plasma membrane
Which of these provides the cell with structural support?
D, microfilaments
The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
D, the nucleoid region
Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
E, the nuclear envelope
All proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the cell. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytosol, while others are bound to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Most proteins made by free ribosomes function in the cytosol. Proteins made by bound ribosomes either function within the endomembrane system or pass through it and are secreted from the cell. Which of the following proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes?
ER protein, insulin, lysosomal enzyme
Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the path a secretory protein follows from synthesis to secretion.
ER, cis Golgi cisternae, medial Golgi cisternae, trans Golgi cisternae, plasma membrane
Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.
Where is calcium stored?
Smooth ER
Which of the following correctly pairs the organelle with the function of the organelle in prokaryotes?
The photosynthetic membranes have a large surface area to hold pigments and enzymes to increase food production.
What are three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria?
They have their own small, often circular chromosomes; they produce their own ribosomes; and they replicate independently of cellular division
Which of the following is NOT found in a prokaryote?
a mitochondrion
A prokaryotic cell is distinct from a eukaryotic cell because a prokaryotic cell lacks
a nucleus
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT
an endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes are considered to be part of the endomembrane system because they
are formed from products synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum and processed by the Golgi
identical in structure to centrioles.
basal bodies
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
cell wall
plant cell only
cellulose cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole
animal cell only
centriole
Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in
chloroplasts
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.
chromatin
surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
fimbriae
The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved
ndosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria
In a plant cell, DNA may be found
in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____.
into ... membranous vesicles
smooth ER
lipid synthesis, calcium ion storage, poison detoxification
Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?
lysosome
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
lysosome
lysosomes
macromolecule digestion, autophagy
chloroplast
makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
microtubules
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?
mitochondrion
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
mitochondrion
Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?
mitochondrion
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
mitochondrion
Why is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum unable to synthesize proteins?
no ribosomes are attached to its surface
In a bacterium, we will find DNA in
nucleoid
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
nucleoid region
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the
nucleolus
Both cells
nucleus plasma membrane Golgi apparatus cytoskeleton endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?
peroxisome
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of
phagocytosis
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
plasma membrane
A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely
primarily producing proteins in the cytosol
mitochondrion
produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell
What is a function of a bacterium's capsule?
protection
golgi apparatus
protein modification and sorting, cisternal maturation
rough ER
protein synthesis
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
proteins
central vacuole
regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds
Part complete Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
ribosome
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
ribosomes
the sites of protein synthesis.
ribosomes
Which of these organelles manufactures proteins bound for secretion out of the cell?
rough ER
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
rough ER
Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
smooth ER
plant cell wall
strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils
You can recognize the process of pinocytosis when _____.
the cell is engulfing extracellular fluid
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
vacuole