Biology 2 Ch. 25, 26, 27

The transition from the gametophyte into the sporophyte generation occurs at the point labeled

4

You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of micro villa. You correctly conclude that this organism is

A choanoflagellate

Prokaryotes have their genetic information stored in

A large, circular piece of DNA

Most bacterial cells keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment by

A rigid cell wall

The gametophyte of most liverworts is referred to as

A thallus

The volume of a typical bacterium is about __________ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell.

A thousandth

Coal deposits formed when forested areas were inundated with water and the __________ conditions that resulted promoted incomplete decomposition of the vegetation into coal

Anaerobic

The most recent group of plants to evolve are the

Angiosperms

The __________ is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants

Antheridium

Malaria is caused by an __________, which is carried to a host by a __________

Apicomplexan; mosquito

The process occurring at point 1in life cycle is

Asexual reproduction

Terrestrial plants obtain carbon dioxide, required for photosynthesis, from the

Atmosphere

Rod-shaped bacteria are called

Bacilli

Which of the following statements about bacteria is false?

Bacteria are not cellular and are sometimes not classified as life forms

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is

Binary fission

Moss sperm are transported to the archegonia by

Both insects and water

A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a

Chemoautotroph

Characteristics shared between green algae and plants include

Chlorophyll a and b in plastids

In Paramecium, the surface of the cell is covered with thousands of short, hair-like __________

Cilia

Microphylls are found only in

Club mosses

Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is know as

Coenocytic

Which of the following is not a seedless plant

Conifer

__________ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells

Conjugation

Pili are involved in adhesión of bacterial cells to a substrate or host, or in transmission of __________ between bacteria

DNA

The cuticle in plants helps in preventing

Dessication

Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells

Diatoms

You find a unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia. When you expose the cells to cAMP, they aggregate into a slug like structure. Based on this information, you correctly conclude that this organism is

Dictyostelium discoideum

Individuals in this group often have intracellular shells of interlocking plates

Dinoflagellates

Members of which group are one of the most important producers in marine ecosystems, although sometimes they form blooms known as red tides

Dinoflagellates

Alternation of generation in plants refers to the alternation of

Diploid and haploid stages

The __________ are excavates that lack functional mitochondria and Golgi

Diplomonads

In plants the fertilized egg develops into a multicellular __________ (young plant) within a female gametangium

Embryo

__________ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions

Endospores

Mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells probably originated from

Endosymbionts

Bacterial __________ cause systemic symptoms such as fever, whereas bacterial __________ cause more specific maladies

Endotoxins; exotoxins

Who am I? I have the same photosynthetic pigments as plants, but I can also obtain nutrients by ingestion

Euglenoids

__________ are Archaea that are typically found in abnormally hot environments

Extreme thermophiles

Which of the following is a vascular plant

Fern

The function of the structure labeled 4 is

Food intake

The sori of most ferns are found on the

Fronds

What am I? I am a unicellular, biflagellate stramenopile that forms a significant portion of the nonplankton

Golden algae

Members of the __________ are thought to have given rise to plants

Green algae

The __________ generation is dominant in mosses, as it can live independently

Haploid gametophyte

Most bacteria are

Heterotrophs

Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as

Homospory

What am I? I have a jointed hollow stem with reduced megaphylls

Horsetail

The structure at point 6 in the life cycle

Is diploid

A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce __________, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that function in support and conduction

Lignin

The oldest know fossils suggest that the __________ may have been the first plants to inhabit land

Liverworts

Microsporocytes divide by __________ to form __________

Meiosis; microspores

__________ are small leaves with a single vascular strand

Microphylls

Bacteria

Move by means of a rotating flagella

Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for

Movement

A(n) __________ bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen

Obligate anaerobic

What am I? I am an anaerobic excavate that is an endosymbiont of animals

Parabasilid

Based on the most recent data available, the protist kingdom is

Paraphyletic

Symbiotic association in which one partner lives on or in another and metabolically depends on it is called

Parasitism

Late blight of potatoes that caused the Irish potato famine is caused by members of the genus __________

Phytophthora

Small circles of DNA called __________ exist in addition to the bacterial chromosome

Plasmids

Members of this group are characterized by a multinucleate amoeboid-like feeding form called a plasmodium

Plasmodial slime molds

The gametophyte generation of ferns is called the

Prothallus

The first eukaryotic cells to evolve from ancestral prokaryotes were

Protists

In mosses, the __________ grows into the leafy gametophyte plant

Protonema

Gram-positive bacteria would stain __________ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of __________ in their cell walls

Purple; peptidoglycan

Which group of algae are a commercial source of agar and carrageenan

Red algae

Members of this group typically consist of amoebic cells surrounded by a hard outer shell through which cytoplasmic projections extend

Rhizarians

Heterospory was an important evolutionary development, as it leads to the evolution of

Seeds

The most economically important bryophyte is

Sphagnum

A chain of round bacteria would be called

Streptococci

The most significant difference between the Archaea and the Bacteria is

The absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the Archaea

Koch's postulates include all the following except

The microorganism must be visible in the electron microscope

Even though bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on

The plasma membrane

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of

Their capsule

Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is false

They are usually less than 2 mm thick

Penicillin works most effectively against gram-positive bacteria because

They have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and penicillin affects the synthesis of peptidoglycans

One unique characteristic associated with some of the extreme halophilic Archaea is that

They have photosynthetic ability involving a purple bacteriorhodopsin pigment

All of the following statements about the brown algae are true except

They share a common ancestor with representatives of the plant kingdom

The outcome of the process illustrated is

Two new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before

Mosses and liverworts are limited in size because they lack

Vascular tissues

The leafy fern that you might have as a house plant is the __________ generation

diploid sporophyte