Biology 2 Ch. 25, 26, 27
The transition from the gametophyte into the sporophyte generation occurs at the point labeled
4
You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of micro villa. You correctly conclude that this organism is
A choanoflagellate
Prokaryotes have their genetic information stored in
A large, circular piece of DNA
Most bacterial cells keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment by
A rigid cell wall
The gametophyte of most liverworts is referred to as
A thallus
The volume of a typical bacterium is about __________ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell.
A thousandth
Coal deposits formed when forested areas were inundated with water and the __________ conditions that resulted promoted incomplete decomposition of the vegetation into coal
Anaerobic
The most recent group of plants to evolve are the
Angiosperms
The __________ is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants
Antheridium
Malaria is caused by an __________, which is carried to a host by a __________
Apicomplexan; mosquito
The process occurring at point 1in life cycle is
Asexual reproduction
Terrestrial plants obtain carbon dioxide, required for photosynthesis, from the
Atmosphere
Rod-shaped bacteria are called
Bacilli
Which of the following statements about bacteria is false?
Bacteria are not cellular and are sometimes not classified as life forms
The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is
Binary fission
Moss sperm are transported to the archegonia by
Both insects and water
A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a
Chemoautotroph
Characteristics shared between green algae and plants include
Chlorophyll a and b in plastids
In Paramecium, the surface of the cell is covered with thousands of short, hair-like __________
Cilia
Microphylls are found only in
Club mosses
Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is know as
Coenocytic
Which of the following is not a seedless plant
Conifer
__________ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells
Conjugation
Pili are involved in adhesión of bacterial cells to a substrate or host, or in transmission of __________ between bacteria
DNA
The cuticle in plants helps in preventing
Dessication
Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells
Diatoms
You find a unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia. When you expose the cells to cAMP, they aggregate into a slug like structure. Based on this information, you correctly conclude that this organism is
Dictyostelium discoideum
Individuals in this group often have intracellular shells of interlocking plates
Dinoflagellates
Members of which group are one of the most important producers in marine ecosystems, although sometimes they form blooms known as red tides
Dinoflagellates
Alternation of generation in plants refers to the alternation of
Diploid and haploid stages
The __________ are excavates that lack functional mitochondria and Golgi
Diplomonads
In plants the fertilized egg develops into a multicellular __________ (young plant) within a female gametangium
Embryo
__________ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions
Endospores
Mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells probably originated from
Endosymbionts
Bacterial __________ cause systemic symptoms such as fever, whereas bacterial __________ cause more specific maladies
Endotoxins; exotoxins
Who am I? I have the same photosynthetic pigments as plants, but I can also obtain nutrients by ingestion
Euglenoids
__________ are Archaea that are typically found in abnormally hot environments
Extreme thermophiles
Which of the following is a vascular plant
Fern
The function of the structure labeled 4 is
Food intake
The sori of most ferns are found on the
Fronds
What am I? I am a unicellular, biflagellate stramenopile that forms a significant portion of the nonplankton
Golden algae
Members of the __________ are thought to have given rise to plants
Green algae
The __________ generation is dominant in mosses, as it can live independently
Haploid gametophyte
Most bacteria are
Heterotrophs
Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as
Homospory
What am I? I have a jointed hollow stem with reduced megaphylls
Horsetail
The structure at point 6 in the life cycle
Is diploid
A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce __________, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that function in support and conduction
Lignin
The oldest know fossils suggest that the __________ may have been the first plants to inhabit land
Liverworts
Microsporocytes divide by __________ to form __________
Meiosis; microspores
__________ are small leaves with a single vascular strand
Microphylls
Bacteria
Move by means of a rotating flagella
Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for
Movement
A(n) __________ bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen
Obligate anaerobic
What am I? I am an anaerobic excavate that is an endosymbiont of animals
Parabasilid
Based on the most recent data available, the protist kingdom is
Paraphyletic
Symbiotic association in which one partner lives on or in another and metabolically depends on it is called
Parasitism
Late blight of potatoes that caused the Irish potato famine is caused by members of the genus __________
Phytophthora
Small circles of DNA called __________ exist in addition to the bacterial chromosome
Plasmids
Members of this group are characterized by a multinucleate amoeboid-like feeding form called a plasmodium
Plasmodial slime molds
The gametophyte generation of ferns is called the
Prothallus
The first eukaryotic cells to evolve from ancestral prokaryotes were
Protists
In mosses, the __________ grows into the leafy gametophyte plant
Protonema
Gram-positive bacteria would stain __________ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of __________ in their cell walls
Purple; peptidoglycan
Which group of algae are a commercial source of agar and carrageenan
Red algae
Members of this group typically consist of amoebic cells surrounded by a hard outer shell through which cytoplasmic projections extend
Rhizarians
Heterospory was an important evolutionary development, as it leads to the evolution of
Seeds
The most economically important bryophyte is
Sphagnum
A chain of round bacteria would be called
Streptococci
The most significant difference between the Archaea and the Bacteria is
The absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the Archaea
Koch's postulates include all the following except
The microorganism must be visible in the electron microscope
Even though bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on
The plasma membrane
Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of
Their capsule
Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is false
They are usually less than 2 mm thick
Penicillin works most effectively against gram-positive bacteria because
They have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and penicillin affects the synthesis of peptidoglycans
One unique characteristic associated with some of the extreme halophilic Archaea is that
They have photosynthetic ability involving a purple bacteriorhodopsin pigment
All of the following statements about the brown algae are true except
They share a common ancestor with representatives of the plant kingdom
The outcome of the process illustrated is
Two new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before
Mosses and liverworts are limited in size because they lack
Vascular tissues
The leafy fern that you might have as a house plant is the __________ generation
diploid sporophyte