Biology 202 Exam 4 Key

You are asked to identify an unknown critter. You find that it has a coelom, segmentation, long flowing setae and well-developed jaws. You think it must be: a) A mobile polychaete b) A sedentary polychaete c) A parasitic leech d) A mobile flatworm e) A parasitic flatworm

a) A mobile polychaete

While birds share several features with reptiles, two primary characteristics distinguish them from living reptiles. Which of the following statements is false? a) Birds do not produce amniotic eggs b) Birds possess reptilian scales on their feet and lower legs c) Feathers are modified reptilian scales d) Many bones in the bird skeleton are fused, making them more rigid than a reptile skeleton e) Bird bones contain air cavities

a) Birds do not produce amniotic eggs

While swimming at the beach, you notice a spiny animal on the seafloor that shows little or no movement. Being a biologist, you grab it and bring it to the lab for dissection, upon which you discover an endoskeleton consisting of a meshwork of ossicles. What type of animal might this be and what kind of symmetry is it likely to demonstrate? a) Echinoderm; radial b) Tunicate; bilateral c) Amphioxus; bilateral d) Hemichordate; radial e) None of the above

a) Echinoderm; radial

A young shark that is retained in the maternal uterus until birth and receives nutrition only from the yolk sac would represent an example of what type of reproductive development? a) Ovoviviparity b) Viviparity c) Internal fertilization d) Intrauterine cannibalism e) Oviparity

a) Ovoviviparity

One important way that tropical frogs differ from temperate species is: a) Tropical species exert some degree of care for their young, while temperate frogs do not b) Temperate species possess a vocal sac, which tropical species lack c) Temperate species lack a tadpole stage, tropical frogs have tadpoles d) Tropical species are green (allows them to photosynthesize), temperate species are not e) Temperate species do not hibernate in winter, while tropical species do

a) Tropical species exert some degree of care for their young, while temperate frogs do not

TRUE or FALSE. All vertebrates have an endoskeleton. a) True b) False

a) True

Your friend overhears you talking about the neural crest and asks if you're planning on going surfing. You count to 10, decide to make some new friends, and tell him that neural crest refers to: a) Embryonic cells that contribute to the development of the spinal cord b) Embryonic cells that contribute to the development of the cranium c) Epidermal cells that contribute to the development of the spinal cord d) Epidermal cells that contribute to the development of the cranium e) None of the above

b) Embryonic cells that contribute to the development of the cranium

TRUE or FALSE. All arthropods possess a tracheal system. a) True b) False

b) False

TRUE or FALSE. If you are an organism in the class Vertebrata, you must possess the following characteristics: notochord, jaws, vertebral column, postanal tail, and cranium a) True b) False

b) False

TRUE or FALSE. The majority of bird species are genetically monogamous. a) True b) False

b) False

As a new curator for a large public aquarium in your city, you are in charge of correctly identifying some of the animals presently in your care. You have two adult animals in tanks in front of you, and you know that one is a lamprey, and the other is a hagfish. Which feature would allow you to correctly identify each animal? a) Lampreys lack jaws, but hagfish are jawed fish b) Lampreys are parasitic, while hagfish are not parasitic c) Hagfish must live in fresh water, while lampreys are entirely marine d) Hagfish are noted for their extensive fins, while lampreys lack fins e) Lamprey possess a cranium, while hagfish do not

b) Lampreys are parasitic, while hagfish are not parasitic

Which of the following groups is thought to have given rise to the tetrapods? a) Amphibians b) Lobe-finned fishes c) Acanthodians d) Ostracoderms e) Agnaths

b) Lobe-finned fishes

The hinged jaw seen in the jawed vertebrates developed from the ___________that help support the ______________ tissues. a) Inner ear bones; auditory nerve b) Pharyngeal arches; respiratory c) Vertebral column; central nervous d) Occipital lobes; brain e) Eustachian tubes; auditory

b) Pharyngeal arches; respiratory

Your friend is frantically studying for her exam and she can't remember the function of setae in the annelid groups. You knowingly tell her that: a) Setae are used exclusively for excretion b) Setae are used to anchor sedentary annelids in their burrows c) Setae are part of the circulatory system in annelids d) All of the above

b) Setae are used to anchor sedentary annelids in their burrows

You and your friend are snorkeling in the Bahamas when you come across a brightly colored vase shaped organism. Your friend swears up and down that it is sponge, but given that he only attended the first two lectures of BIO202, and you stuck it out until the end, you know he is wrong because: a) The animal is brightly colored b) The animal possesses pharyngeal gill slits c) The animal is sessile d) The animal has an incurrent siphon e) All of the above reasons are correct

b) The animal possesses pharyngeal gill slits

In eusocial termite societies, soldiers will defend their nests at the expense of their own lives because: a) They have been infected by trematode parasites b) They are protecting close relatives c) They have been hypnotized by pathogenic fungi d) They are coerced to do so by larger termites e) None of the above answers are correct

b) They are protecting close relatives

Early tetrapods had to contend with several hurdles before successfully transitioning onto land. Which of these is NOT one of them? a) They needed to find ways to prevent desiccation b) They needed to contend with the much lower concentration of oxygen in the air c) They needed to develop a weight bearing skeleton d) They needed to maintain an internal consistency despite environmental fluctuations e) They needed to extract atmospheric oxygen

b) They needed to contend with the much lower concentration of oxygen in the air

What statement(s) best characterize insect wings: a) All insects possess wings b) Wings are an extension of the cuticle c) Wings develop from neural crest cells d) All insects fly at roughly similar speeds e) All of the above are true

b) Wings are an extension of the cuticle

Which of the following does not belong in the phylum Chordata? a) Urochordata b) Cephalochordata c) Arthropoda d) Vertebrata e) Amphibia

c) Arthropoda

The presence of an endoskeleton can be used to distinguish between: a) Echinoderms and chordates b) Chordates and hemichordates c) Insects and echinoderms d) Cartilaginous and bony fishes e) Insects and crustaceans

c) Insects and echinoderms

Tiktaalik is considered a transitional form between fish and tetrapods because: a) Its DNA is similar to that of both species b) It is oviparous c) It possesses weight bearing fins d) It is the direct ancestor of vertebrates e) None of the above

c) It possesses weight bearing fins

While out sailing, you suffer a deep gash in your leg as your boat capsizes. While waiting to be rescued, you begin to feel anxious because the area is known to harbor abundant populations of sharks and you are bleeding profusely. If a shark was nearby, what would be a likely sequence (from furthest distance to closest) of the senses it would use to find you and, perhaps take a bite from your leg? a) Electroreception; Olfactory reception; Mechanical reception; Visual cues b) Mechanical reception; Visual cues; Electroreception; Olfactory reception c) Olfactory reception; Mechanical reception; Visual cues; Electroreception d) Mechanical reception; Electroreception; Olfactory reception; Visual cues e) Olfactory reception; Electroreception; Mechanical reception; Visual cues

c) Olfactory reception; Mechanical reception; Visual cues; Electroreception

The paddle-like appendages that characterize the marine polychaetes are called __________ and are used primarily for _____________ a) Filapodia; swimming b) Filapodia; respiration c) Parapodia; swimming d) Gills; feeding e) Parapodia; excretion

c) Parapodia; swimming

Your friend just finished up watching Shark Week and now considers himself an expert. Which of his claims below are true? a) A few species of sharks have a bony skeleton b) The ampullae of Lorenzini are used to detect pressure waves c) Sharks continuously replace their teeth over their lifetimes d) Sharks never give birth to live young e) All of the above are true

c) Sharks continuously replace their teeth over their lifetimes

Insects are able to rapidly adapt and acquire resistance to insecticides because: a) They typically have small population sizes which support many mutations b) They produce very few offspring and so beneficial mutations spread quickly through the population c) There are many pathways by which they can acquire resistance d) They don't: insects are always highly susceptible to insecticides e) All of the above answers are correct

c) There are many pathways by which they can acquire resistance

Pedicellariae are pincer-like extensions located on the surface of echinoderms and function to: a) Remove debris b) Prevent other organisms from settling on the animal c) Protect the dermal branchiae d) All of the above e) None of the above

d) All of the above

Why does it benefit some spiders to die during mating? a) It lengthens the duration of copulation b) It prevents other males from mating with the female c) It provides females with food d) All of the above e) None of the above

d) All of the above

What evidence suggests that Echinoderms evolved radial symmetry secondarily? a) Radial symmetry well suited for mobile organisms b) A pentamerous design requires radial symmetry c) Respiration is more efficient by having gills on all sides d) Echinoderm larvae demonstrate bilateral symmetry e) All of the above

d) Echinoderm larvae demonstrate bilateral symmetry

Why did the possession of lungs enable lungfish to survive the Devonian period? a) They didn't: lungfish went extinct in the Devonian b) Marine environments were unstable and had little dissolved oxygen c) The lungs served as a swim bladder and improved buoyancy d) Freshwater environments were unstable and had little dissolved oxygen e) Lungfish don't actually possess lungs; they survived because of their amniotic egg

d) Freshwater environments were unstable and had little dissolved oxygen

You are asked to identify an organism based on the following features: operculum and bony skeleton. With this information, what can you say for certain about this animal? a) It is a urochordate b) It is a reptile c) It is a ray-finned fish d) It is a bony fish e) Not enough information to say anything

d) It is a bony fish

The rigid chitinous exoskeleton of an arthropod has all of the following functions except: a) It protects the animal from predators b) It impedes water loss c) It prevents injury to the animal d) It is porous and allows the diffusion of respiratory gases e) All the above answers are correct

d) It is porous and allows the diffusion of respiratory gases

The defining characteristics of the phylum Arthropoda are: a) Spiracles, cephalothorax, and proboscis b) Antennae, six legs, and mandibles c) Malphigian tubules, jaws, and tagmata d) Jointed appendages, ecdysis, and an exoskeleton e) Compound eyes, book lungs, and the hemocoel

d) Jointed appendages, ecdysis, and an exoskeleton

You are studying a nesting population of hawksbill sea turtles in the Caribbean, and you notice that local hotels are shading large sections of the nesting beach with umbrellas. Why might this cause you concern? a) Sea turtles are completely blind and might crash into the umbrellas and hurt themselves b) Shade might lower the temperature of the sand, and kill all the hatchlings c) The umbrellas look like trees and might scare them away d) Shade might lower the temperature of the sand, and alter hatchling sex ratios e) Sea turtles enjoy basking in the sun

d) Shade might lower the temperature of the sand, and alter hatchling sex ratios

Amphibians were only partly successful at colonizing land. Which features are responsible for this limitation? a) They lack lungs and must breathe only via diffusion across their skin b) Their limbs are not fully developed c) They are unable to process sensory information in air d) Their eggs are susceptible to desiccation e) All of the above are correct

d) Their eggs are susceptible to desiccation

Lungfish can survive out of the water because: a) Their gills are in gill cavities that prevent desiccation b) They can tolerate anoxic conditions for short periods of time c) They can breath through their skin d) Their swim bladder acts as a lung e) Their gills are able to capture oxygen from the water or the air

d) Their swim bladder acts as a lung

What does it mean to say that snakes smell with their tongue? a) They have minuscule nostrils on the forks of their tongue b) They use it to pick up scent molecules and pass them over the ampullae of Lorenzini c) They have sensory receptors lining the surface of their tongue d) They use it to pick up scent molecules and pass them over Jacobson's organ e) They use it to process scent molecules in Jacobson's organ located on the tip of the tongue

d) They use it to pick up scent molecules and pass them over Jacobson's organ

Which of the following is the best description of nematodes? a) Acoelomate, parasitic worms b) Segmented worms c) Tube-dwelling marine worms d) Unsegmented, pseudocoelomate worms covered by a cuticle e) All of the above

d) Unsegmented, pseudocoelomate worms covered by a cuticle

Which of the following is the best characteristic you could use to identify an organism in the subphylum Hexapoda? a) Gills b) 5 pairs of appendages c) Chelicerae d) Tagmata e) 3 pairs of appendages

e) 3 pairs of appendages

Hair is a trait shared by most mammals, except: a) Whales b) Hippopotamuses c) Elephants d) Bats e) All mammals have hair

e) All mammals have hair

Which of the following are functions of the fluid-filled body cavity (tube-within-a-tube body plan)? a) Allows for greater flexibility of movement b) Provides space for organs and system development c) Provides support as a hydrostatic skeleton d) Serves to store waste products until they can be removed e) All of the above

e) All of the above

Although they are often viewed by people as being generally similar, amphibians and reptiles are actually quite different. Which of the following represents a difference between the groups? a) More powerful jaws in reptiles b) Larger and better developed lungs in reptiles c) Thin skin allowing cutaneous respiration by amphibians d) Reptile limbs designed for better support e) All of the above represent differences between amphibians and reptiles

e) All of the above represent differences between amphibians and reptiles

What would be the consequence of a mutation in the development of the Malpighian tubules? a) Respiratory function in echinoderms would be impaired b) Excretory function in chordates would be impaired c) Immune function in hagfish would be impaired d) Endocrine function in echinoderms would be impaired e) Excretory function in hexapods would be impaired

e) Excretory function in hexapods would be impaired

The amniotic egg was a key evolutionary innovation because: a) It removed the need for a vertebrate embryo to develop in fluid b) It permitted the evolution of internal fertilization c) It led to the development of the vertebrate lung d) It made for excellent omelets e) It removed the need for an external source of water during development

e) It removed the need for an external source of water during development

Evaluate this statement. Echinoderms have successfully invaded freshwater habitats because: a) Their water vascular system permits osmoregulation b) Their dermal branchiae remove excess salt c) Their exoskeleton is resistant to water loss d) All of the above e) None of the above

e) None of the above

Male parental care is common in bony fishes because: a) Females internally brood the eggs b) It requires a lot of energy to guard a nest c) Caring behavior is restricted to mammals d) All of the above e) None of the above

e) None of the above

Turtles have temperature-dependent sex determination, which means that: a) Mating only occurs at high temperatures b) Females can only identify males during the winter c) Sexual reproduction only occurs at temperatures warmer than 29°C d) I'm not sure e) Offspring gender is determined by incubation temperature

e) Offspring gender is determined by incubation temperature

A mutation in the gene that is responsible for the development of the clitellum would result in impairment of which of the following functions? a) Reproduction in polychaetes b) Osmoregulation in flukes c) Osmoregulation in hydrozoans d) Respiration in bivalves e) Reproduction in oligochaetes

e) Reproduction in oligochaetes

Which of the following characteristics describe pharyngeal gill slits: a) They evolved initially to function in respiration b) They are found only in the vertebrates c) They are formed by cartilaginous gill arches d) They are never present in humans e) They are present in the chordates

e) They are present in the chordates

Which of the following statements about spiders is TRUE? a) They have strong mandibles to crush their prey b) Their abdominal appendages are highly specialized c) They secrete toxins to liquefy their prey d) They are unique among arthropods in that they possess two antennae e) They have many setae to perceive environmental stimuli

e) They have many setae to perceive environmental stimuli

Which animal, possessing all five Chordate traits in addition to a well-developed head, is thought to represent a good model of what the common vertebrate ancestor probably looked like? a) Hagfish b) Amphioxus c) Lancelet d) Lamprey larva e) Tunicate larva

e) Tunicate larva