Biology A Unit 5: Lessons 22-26
Determine if the following statement is true or false. ADP is a molecule related to the energy-storing ATP and it is repeatedly regenerated back into ATP by having a phosphate group added to it.
True
What tests can be used to diagnose phenylketonuria? Select all that apply.
0.5 blood tests
Which category of macromolecule does ATP belong to?
nucleotide
What is the role of respiration in living organisms?
It provides the energy needed by cells.
Which correctly identifies the products of glycolysis?
NADH, ATP, and pyruvate
Identify the processes that occur during the electron transport chain. Select all that apply.
0.25 Carbon dioxide is released. Electrons are removed from the carrier molecules NADH and FADH2.
How are the waste products of respiration removed? Select all that apply.
0.25 Carbon dioxide is removed by respiratory organs. Oxygen molecules are removed by the cardiovascular system.
During alcoholic fermentation, what products result when sugar is broken down in the absence of oxygen? Select all that apply.
0.25 lactic acid ethanol
What do lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation have in common? Select all that apply.
0.5 Both processes are anaerobic.
Which statements describe the cardiovascular system? Select all that apply.
0.5 It transports nutrients and oxygen to the body's cells. It is composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. It filters blood and collects waste products.
What statements are true about glycolysis? Select all that apply.
0.75 Its products can enter other pathways. It requires oxygen. It produces energy in the form of ATP.
What is the net ATP gain in glycolysis?
2
For every two pyruvate molecules that enter the citric acid cycle, how many ATP molecules does the citric acid cycle produce?
2 ATP
An enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, where A and B are joined to yield C. What statement is correct about this reaction?
A and B are reactants.
What molecule is used to power cellular processes in cells?
ATP
What is the role of ATP in transport across a cell membrane?
ATP is an energy molecule that helps with active transport.
Which are products of the citric acid cycle?
ATP, NADH, FADH2, CO2
What statement is true about the relationship between ADP and ATP?
Another phosphate group can be added to ADP to regenerate ATP.
Study the image. https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/1156791 Which labeled part is the active site?
B
What happens when ATP reacts with water to form ADP and a phosphate group?
Energy is released.
Identify the correct equation for aerobic respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen →→ Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
What happens in the energy harvesting phase of glycolysis?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into pyruvate.
Which statements correctly describe oxygen's role in the electron transport chain? Select all that apply.
It binds with hydrogen to form water. It captures electrons as the final electron acceptor.
What can be said about phenylketonuria? Select all that apply.
It is caused by a mutation on the PAH gene. It causes excess phenylalanine accumulation.
What is the role of respiration in living organisms?
It transforms the energy in food into energy that can be used by cells.
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Lesson 25:
Which statements about the citric acid cycle are true? Select all that apply.
NADH and FADH2 are produced. CO2 is released.
What happens if oxygen is not present during glycolysis?
Pyruvate undergoes fermentation, and lactic acid is produced.
Which statements describe what happens when enzymes are added to a chemical reaction? Select all that apply.
The activation energy is lowered. The chemical reaction is sped up.
What is the relationship between the cardiovascular system and respiration?
The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients necessary for respiration to the cells.
Which statements correctly describe enzymes? Select all that apply.
They only react with a specific substrate. They speed up chemical reactions.
What happens in the energy investment steps of glycolysis?
XXX WRONG XXX Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into pyruvate.
What is the importance of respiration?
XXX WRONG XXX It transports oxygen from the air to the cells.
Why does a lack of oxygen cause glycolysis to stop?
XXX WRONG XXX No NADH is present in the cell.
X is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, and it picks up Y to form water. Which option correctly replaces the letters X and Y?
XXX WRONG XXX X: oxygen Y: electrons
What is the electron transport chain?
XXX WRONG XXX a process in which ATP gives up its phosphate group to produce NADH and FADH2, which are required by the citric acid cycle
Under aerobic conditions, which pathway do the end products of glycolysis enter?
XXX WRONG XXX pyruvate
What is a metabolic pathway?
a series of enzymatic reactions where products become the reactants for the next step
What do enzymes react with?
a specific substrate
Which components are part of ATP's structure? Select all that apply.
adenine ribose phosphate groups
The following details describe a cell's energy process. involves a breakdown of glucose produces carbon dioxide and ATP occurs in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria Which process is being described?
aerobic respiration
Which of these produces carbon dioxide (CO2)?
alcoholic fermentation
What does the citric acid cycle directly produce in cells? Select all that apply.
building blocks for other molecules electron carriers
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
cell cytoplasm
What are the stages of aerobic respiration? Select all that apply.
citric acid cycle glycolysis electron transport chain
What systems supply food and oxygen needed for respiration?
digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular
Most ATP is produced during which stage of aerobic respiration?
electron transport chain
Study the following details of a cell energy process. is aerobic occurs in a cell's mitochondria involves the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 giving up their electrons produces a large amount of ATP Which process is being described?
electron transport chain
Which process yields the highest amount of ATP in the cell?
electron transport chain
Which option correctly describes fermentation?
glucose breaking down in the absence of oxygen
During which process is glucose converted into pyruvate?
glycolysis
Study the image. https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/1157015 What process does the image represent?
glycolysis
Which option lists the stages of aerobic respiration in the correct order?
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
Where does fermentation take place in eukaryotes?
in the cytoplasm
Where is amylase produced in the human body?
in the salivary glands and pancreas
What results at the end of biochemical reactions that involve enzymes?
products
The description of a cell energy process is listed below. This process: produces carbon dioxide occurs in a cell's mitochondria forms the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 produces a small amount of ATP Which process is being described?
the citric acid cycle
Why is energy released from food molecules in stages, rather than all at once?
to prevent energy loss as wasted heat