Biology Ch 27: Characteristics of Animals -If the question does not start capitalized choose the answer that is capitalized.

cell walls

All animal cells do NOT have _________.

anterior

Cephalization concentrates sensory organs in the ________ end of an animal.

eggs, sperm

Hermaphroditic organisms produce both ____ and _____.

tissue

A ______ is a group of dissimilar cells that are organized into a functional unit.

one

A gastrovascular cavity is a digestive cavity with ___ opening.

complex, rapid

A most striking characteristic of animals that distinguishes them from other kingdoms is that members of the animal kingdom are capable of more _______ and _____ movements.

heterotrophs, multicellular

All the members of the kingdom Animalia are ____________, are _____________ and have cells without cell walls.

acoelomate

An animal without a body cavity is called a(n) ___________

radial symmetry

Animals whose body parts are arranged around a central point, like spokes around the hub of a wheel, has ______ ________.

invertebrates

Animals without backbones are called ______________.

skin, nervous

As an animal develops, the ectoderm becomes the ____ and _______ system.

identical

Asexual reproduction produces offspring genetically _________ to the parent.

blastula

Cells within the ________ eventually develop into three distinct tissue layers.

sensory organs

Cephalization is characterized by the concentration of _____________ in the anterior end.

breaking down

Digestion functions as a mechanism for ____________ food into smaller molecules.

annelids, echinoderms, mollusks

Groups of invertebrates that are coelomates include ________, ___________, and ________.

bathed

In an open circulatory system, body tissues are ______ directly in fluid containing oxygen.

gametes

In most animal species, the _______ are the only haploid cells in the life cycle.

brain

In some animals, ganglia at the anterior end of the animal serve as a primitive _____.

internal

Most terrestrial animals reproduce sexually using ________ fertilization.

hermaphrodite

Organisms that produces both eggs and sperm is call a ____________.

circulatory

Oxygen and nutrients are transported around an animal's body by the ___________ system.

very small

Pseudocoelomates must be _________ or have body shapes with short distances between organs and the body surface.

jellyfish, comb jellies, hydra

Radially symmetrical phyla include _________, ___________, and the _____.

pseudocoelom

Roundworms have a fluid-filled cavity between the gut and body wall called a ___________,

heterotrophs

Since animals cannot make their own food, they are said to be ____________.

symmetry

Since sponges do not have body parts that grow around a central point as do all other animals, the sponges are said to lack ________.

effectively

Specialized cells can carry out their tasks more effectively than cells that must do many tasks.

majority

The ________ of animal species are classified as invertebrates.

exoskeleton

The ___________ of arthropods is hard and encases the body.

flatworms

The acoelomate body type is exemplified by _________.

front

The anterior end is commonly called the _____ end.

bilaterally

The butterfly is ___________ symmetrical.

specialize

The most important advantage to multicellularity is that individual cells can _________ in one life task.

radial

The sea anemone exhibits ______ symmetry.

are heterotrophs

Without exception, all animals ___ ___________.

sponges

_______ are asymmetrical.

coelom

___________ is a fluid-filled cavity that develops within the mesoderm of higher invertebrates and vertebrates.

multicellularity

________________ enables individual cells to specialize on one life task.

Coelom

a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

Closed Circulatory System

a circulatory system in which the heart circulates blood through a network of vessels that form a closed loop; the blood does not leave the blood vessels, and materials diffuse across the walls of the vessels

Open Circulatory System

a circulatory system that allows the blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so that the cells are in direct contact with the blood

Phylogenetic Tree

a family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms

Blastula

a hollow ball of cells that marks the end of the cleavage stage during early embryonic development in animals.

Hydrostatic Skeleton

a skeletal system composed of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment; the main skeleton of most cnidarians, flatworms, nematodes, and annelids.

Coelomate

an animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm).

Hermaphrodite

an individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs.

Pseudocoelomate

an organism that has a body cavity between the endoderm and mesoderm tissues that is partially lined with mesoderm tissues

Asymmetrical

animals with no general body plan, these animals have no definite or irregular shape

Ventral

at the belly side of the body

bilateral symmetry

body plan in which a single imaginary line can divide the body into left and right sides that are mirror images of one another

Radial Symmetry

body plan in which any number of imaginary planes drawn through the center of the body could divide it into equal halves a body plan in which the parts of an animal's body are organized in a circle around a central axis

Gastrovascular Cavity

digestive chamber with a single opening, in which cnidarians, flatworms, and echinoderms digest food

Endoderm

innermost germ layer; develops into the linings of the digestive tract and much of the respiratory system

Anterior

located towards the front of the body

Mesoderm

middle germ layer; develops into muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems

Ectoderm

one of the three primary (embryonic) germ layers formed during gastrulation. Ectoderm ultimately forms external structures such as the skin, hair, nails, and inner linings of the mouth and anus, as well as the entire nervous system.

Dorsal

pertaining to the back

Internal Fertilization

process in which eggs are fertilized inside the female's body

Body Plan

term used to describe an animal's shape, symmetry, and internal organization

Cephalization

the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of an embryo's development.

Respiration

the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs and within each cell Metabolic processes that produce energy (ATP) for all the life processes.

Gill

the paired respiratory organ of fishes and some amphibians, by which oxygen is extracted from water flowing over surfaces within or attached to the walls of the pharynx.

External Fertilization

the process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female

Posterior

toward the back