Biology Chapter 1-5 exam study
to maintain a constant pH, many organisms use what to regulate hygrogen ion concentration
buffers
vesicle that contains enzymes that break down incoming molecules and cellular components
lysosome
All of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are called
metabolism
centrioles are made of
microtubules
The majority of ATP needed by the cell is produced by the
mitochondria
endomembrane system consists of all of the following except
mitochondria
site of cellular respiration and ATP synthesis
mitochondria
which of the following is not found in prokaryotic cell?
mitochondrion
biomolecules are polymers that are formed when ____ are joined by a __________reaction
monomers; dehydration synthesis
the mechanism by which species undergo evolutionary change is called
natural selection
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally is called
non polar
Sometimes undergoes complementary base pairing
nucleic acid
Composed of nucleotides
nucleic acids
An amino acid is to a protein as a ________ is to a nucleic acid.
nucleotide
contains genetic material DNA; nucleolus is the site of ribosome formation
nucleus
a hypothesis cannot be formed without which of the following?
observation
movement of water across a membrane
osmosis
the most abundant element by weight in the human body is
oxygen
encloses the cytoplasm; regulates interactions with external environment
plasma membrane
Keratin, found in hair, fingernails, horns, and feathers
protein
May contain pleated sheets and helices
protein
The mass number of an atom depends primarily on the number of
protons and neutrons
ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because
provides right amt of energy breakdown is easily coupled w/ energy req. reactions versatile
A coated pit is associated with
receptor-mediated endocytosis
which of these structures is involved in protein synthesis
ribosome
location where polypeptides and proteins are formed
ribosomes
component of the endomembrane system that has ribosomes attached; synthesizes proteins
rough ER
endomembrane system organelle where lipids and some carbohydrates are synthesized; detoxifies some chemicals
smooth ER
the application of scientific investigations for the benefit of humans
technology
Active site of an enzyme
the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
moves materials between organelles of the endomembrane system
vesicles
small sacs that move materials between organelles in the endomembrane
vesicles
which of the following can be viewed only with an electron microscope?
virus
which of the following is not a domain
Plantae
Variations in three-dimensional shapes among proteins are due to bonding between the
R groups
Which is an organic molecule?
C6H12O6
A triglyceride contains
Glycerol and three fatty acids.
Water freezes from the top down because
Ice is less dense than water
NaCl = Na + Cl which is reactants
NaCl
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
a calorie
the plasma membrane is said to be a fluid-mosaic model because
a mosaic of proteins suspended within a phospholipid bilayer
a pH of 3 is
acidic
organic molecules containing carboxyl
acidic
contributes hydrogen ions to a solution
acids
requires energy input
active transport
A modification that helps equip organisms for their way of life is a(n)
adaptation
the movement of water across the plasma membrane of a cell is facilitated by
aquaporins and channel proteins
The region of the Earth's surface where all organisms are found is called the
biosphere
which is correct regarding the laws of energy
cannot be created or destroyed can be changed from one form to another it is lost as heat when it is converted from one form to another
the _________ is located outside the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell
capsule
Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls
carbohydrate
May be a ring of six carbon atoms attached to hydroxyl groups
carbohydrates
which of the following represents the lowest level of biological organization that still may be considered alive?
cell
layer of cellulose that supports cells (not found in animals)
cell wall
the polysaccharide found in plant cell walls is
cellulose
which is not part of the cytoskeleton
centrioles
which of the following types of proteins allow materials to move in and out of cell?
channel proteins
site of photosynthesis and carbohydrate formation
chloroplast
involved in movement of the cell
cilia and flagella
Water flows freely but does not separate into individual molecules because water is
cohesive
Placebos are often used in which of the following?
control groups
internal framework of protein fibers; moves organelles and maintains shape
cytoskeleton
information collected from a scientific experiment is known as
data
as a cell increases in size, it's surface area to volume ratio
decreases
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low
diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
Entropy is a term used to indicate the relative amount of
disorganization
induced fit model of enzyme action
enzyme changes shape to "grasp" the substrate
uses a membrane protein
facilitated diffusion and active transport
which of the following determines the chemical reactivity of biological molecules
functional groups
a binomial name indicates
genus and species
Which is a monosaccharide?
glucose
processing and packaging center
golgi apparatus
Water can absorb a large amount of heat without much change in temperature because it has a high
heat capacity
Compounds having an affinity for water are said to be
hydrophilic
seawater is _____ to blood because it contains a _________ concentration of solutes.
hypertonic; higher
Carbon chains can vary in
length, number of double bonds, and branching pattern
Insoluble in water due to hydrocarbon chains
lipid
steroids such as cholesterol and sex hormones
lipid
Enzymes catalyze reactions by
lowering the activation energy barrier bringing reactants together