Biology Chapter 1-5 exam study

to maintain a constant pH, many organisms use what to regulate hygrogen ion concentration

buffers

vesicle that contains enzymes that break down incoming molecules and cellular components

lysosome

All of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are called

metabolism

centrioles are made of

microtubules

The majority of ATP needed by the cell is produced by the

mitochondria

endomembrane system consists of all of the following except

mitochondria

site of cellular respiration and ATP synthesis

mitochondria

which of the following is not found in prokaryotic cell?

mitochondrion

biomolecules are polymers that are formed when ____ are joined by a __________reaction

monomers; dehydration synthesis

the mechanism by which species undergo evolutionary change is called

natural selection

A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally is called

non polar

Sometimes undergoes complementary base pairing

nucleic acid

Composed of nucleotides

nucleic acids

An amino acid is to a protein as a ________ is to a nucleic acid.

nucleotide

contains genetic material DNA; nucleolus is the site of ribosome formation

nucleus

a hypothesis cannot be formed without which of the following?

observation

movement of water across a membrane

osmosis

the most abundant element by weight in the human body is

oxygen

encloses the cytoplasm; regulates interactions with external environment

plasma membrane

Keratin, found in hair, fingernails, horns, and feathers

protein

May contain pleated sheets and helices

protein

The mass number of an atom depends primarily on the number of

protons and neutrons

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because

provides right amt of energy breakdown is easily coupled w/ energy req. reactions versatile

A coated pit is associated with

receptor-mediated endocytosis

which of these structures is involved in protein synthesis

ribosome

location where polypeptides and proteins are formed

ribosomes

component of the endomembrane system that has ribosomes attached; synthesizes proteins

rough ER

endomembrane system organelle where lipids and some carbohydrates are synthesized; detoxifies some chemicals

smooth ER

the application of scientific investigations for the benefit of humans

technology

Active site of an enzyme

the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate

moves materials between organelles of the endomembrane system

vesicles

small sacs that move materials between organelles in the endomembrane

vesicles

which of the following can be viewed only with an electron microscope?

virus

which of the following is not a domain

Plantae

Variations in three-dimensional shapes among proteins are due to bonding between the

R groups

Which is an organic molecule?

C6H12O6

A triglyceride contains

Glycerol and three fatty acids.

Water freezes from the top down because

Ice is less dense than water

NaCl = Na + Cl which is reactants

NaCl

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

a calorie

the plasma membrane is said to be a fluid-mosaic model because

a mosaic of proteins suspended within a phospholipid bilayer

a pH of 3 is

acidic

organic molecules containing carboxyl

acidic

contributes hydrogen ions to a solution

acids

requires energy input

active transport

A modification that helps equip organisms for their way of life is a(n)

adaptation

the movement of water across the plasma membrane of a cell is facilitated by

aquaporins and channel proteins

The region of the Earth's surface where all organisms are found is called the

biosphere

which is correct regarding the laws of energy

cannot be created or destroyed can be changed from one form to another it is lost as heat when it is converted from one form to another

the _________ is located outside the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell

capsule

Cellulose, the major component of plant cell walls

carbohydrate

May be a ring of six carbon atoms attached to hydroxyl groups

carbohydrates

which of the following represents the lowest level of biological organization that still may be considered alive?

cell

layer of cellulose that supports cells (not found in animals)

cell wall

the polysaccharide found in plant cell walls is

cellulose

which is not part of the cytoskeleton

centrioles

which of the following types of proteins allow materials to move in and out of cell?

channel proteins

site of photosynthesis and carbohydrate formation

chloroplast

involved in movement of the cell

cilia and flagella

Water flows freely but does not separate into individual molecules because water is

cohesive

Placebos are often used in which of the following?

control groups

internal framework of protein fibers; moves organelles and maintains shape

cytoskeleton

information collected from a scientific experiment is known as

data

as a cell increases in size, it's surface area to volume ratio

decreases

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Entropy is a term used to indicate the relative amount of

disorganization

induced fit model of enzyme action

enzyme changes shape to "grasp" the substrate

uses a membrane protein

facilitated diffusion and active transport

which of the following determines the chemical reactivity of biological molecules

functional groups

a binomial name indicates

genus and species

Which is a monosaccharide?

glucose

processing and packaging center

golgi apparatus

Water can absorb a large amount of heat without much change in temperature because it has a high

heat capacity

Compounds having an affinity for water are said to be

hydrophilic

seawater is _____ to blood because it contains a _________ concentration of solutes.

hypertonic; higher

Carbon chains can vary in

length, number of double bonds, and branching pattern

Insoluble in water due to hydrocarbon chains

lipid

steroids such as cholesterol and sex hormones

lipid

Enzymes catalyze reactions by

lowering the activation energy barrier bringing reactants together