Biology Chapter 1 EXAM SG
"Glucose that circulates in your blood has one of three fates: it is used to fuel cellular respiration, converted into fat for long term storage, or _______." thymine and cytosine adenine and guanine thymine and guanine adenine and thymine
adenine and thymine
Which of the following nucleotide bases are present in equal amounts in DNA? thymine and cytosine adenine and guanine thymine and guanine adenine and thymine
adenine and thymine
Which of the following would influence the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction? temperature pH amount of enzyme all of the above
all of the above
Proteins are phat are polymers of what monomers? sterols monosaccharides nucleotides amino acids
amino acids
Where are cell membrane components synthesized? endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes Golgi apparatus vesicles nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
Membrane-bound vesicles containing a substance synthesized by a cell fuse to the outer cell membrane and release their contents to the outside world. What is this process called? exocytosis pinocytosis endocytosis excretocytosis phagocytosis
exocytosis
"Saturated fatty acids have _________________ than unsaturated fatty acids, which is why they exist as a ____________ at room temperature." more carbon atoms; solid fewer double bonds; solid more double bonds; liquid fewer hydrogen atoms; solid
fewer double bonds; solid
DNA is a polymer of: nucleotides 4-ringed molocules amino acids fatty acids
nucleotides
In what organelle would you find most of the chromatin in the cell? mitochondria nucleus plasma membrane Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
The largest structure in a eukaryotic cell is the ____________ and it is surrounded by ______ membranes. mitochondrion; two nucleus; one mitochondrion; one Golgi apparatus; one nucleus; two
nucleus; two
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plant vacuole? photosynthesis storage of pigments physical support waste management nutrient storage
photosynthesis
Mitochondria are found: animals only. plants only. "plants, animals, and bacteria." plants and animals. bacteria only.
plants and animals.
Which of the following is an important difference between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? "The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of much protein synthesis, folding and packaging, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of lipid synthesis." "The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with chloroplasts, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not." The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is covered in ribosomes while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is not. "The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of protein synthesis, folding, and packaging, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of lipid synthesis." None of the above is correct.
"The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of much protein synthesis, folding and packaging, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of lipid synthesis."
Which of the following is an important difference between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? "The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of much protein synthesis, folding and packaging, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of lipid synthesis." "The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with chloroplasts, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not." The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is covered in ribosomes while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is not. "The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of protein synthesis, folding, and packaging, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of lipid synthesis." None of the above is correct.
"The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of much protein synthesis, folding and packaging, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of lipid synthesis."
Which of the following is a polysaccharide? "glucose, the chief cellular energy source" "cellulose, the primary component of plant cell walls" "fructose, one of the most important blood sugars" "insulin, the chief blood sugar regulator"
"cellulose, the primary component of plant cell walls"
"One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA is replaced by a different base in RNA. Which base is it, and what is it replaced by?" "cytosine, replaced by guanine" "guanine, replaced by cytosine" "thymine, replaced by guanine" "thymine, replaced by uracil"
"thymine, replaced by uracil"
Which statement is NOT part of the cell theory? All living organisms consist of one or more cells. All cells contain DNA. Cell is the smallest unit of life Cells arise from preexisting cells. All are part of the cell theory.
All cells contain DNA.
Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is FALSE? It is responsible for some cellular movement. It is a three-dimensional structure that fills the cytoplasm. It is made from proteins that act as a scaffolding. It is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. All of the above are false.
All of the above are false.
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true? Enzymes are permanently changed when they take place in a chemical reaction. Enzymes are proteins. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes help initiate and control chemical reactions.
Enzymes are permanently changed when they take place in a chemical reaction.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of protein synthesis and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of lipid synthesis. What is the third compartment of the endomembrane system and what is that compartment s function? Golgi apparatus; finishes the processing of the proteins and sorts them for export out of the cell Lysosomes; sacs which export the proteins and lipids out of the cell Ribosomes; the place of protein transcription Vesicles; packages of proteins surrounded by cell membranes that sort the proteins and lipids for packaging None of the above is correct.
Golgi apparatus; finishes the processing of the proteins and sorts them for export out of the cell
All lipids are: polymers of fatty acids. Insoluble in water polar molecules 4-ring structured molecules
Insoluble in water
Which of the following is NOT a property of water? It is less dense when frozen than when it s a liquid. It is a good solvent because both polar and nonpolar molecules dissolve in it. It takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of water. Water molecules stick to each other.
It is a good solvent because both polar and nonpolar molecules dissolve in it
What is the main function of the nucleolus? It is the site of ribosome-subunit synthesis. It produces cell adhesion proteins that are then exported to the cell membrane. It is the site of photosynthesis in photosynthetic cells. It produces enzymes that are then exported to the lysosomes. Its function is not yet known.
It is the site of ribosome-subunit synthesis.
Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from free-living bacteria that were incorporated into eukaryotic cells by endosymbiosis. Which of the following pieces of evidence for this hypothesis is INCORRECT? Mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes rather than a single membrane. "Mitochondrial DNA is packaged as a single circular chromosome, like that of a bacterium." The phospholipid composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane is similar to that of the bacterial cell membrane. Mitochondria can survive and reproduce independently when removed from the host cell. New mitochondria are formed by binary fission rather than being replicated during the cell cycle.
Mitochondria can survive and reproduce independently when removed from the host cell.
Which of the following is not one of the big 4 elements that make up all living organisms? Hydrogen Oxygen Molybdenum Nitrogen
Molybdenum
What would be the complementary strand of DNA for: ATGCCAC TGCGGAT ACGCCTA TACGGTG AGCCTAA
TACGGTG
Which of the following is a common role that sterols play in the human body? They are used as energy storage molecules. They are used as primary fuel molecules for cellular metabolism. "When eaten in the diet, they help prevent heart disease by lowering blood pressure." They are important components of cell membranes.
They are important components of cell membranes.
"What are found in all metabolically active cells and are involved primarily in transporting materials within, into, and out of cells?" Vesicles Ribosomes Peroxisomes Vacuoles Lysosomes
Vesicles
"Glucose that circulates in your blood has one of three fates: it is used to fuel cellular respiration, converted into fat for long term storage, or _______." be stored temporarily as glycogen be converted into starch be broken down into simple sugars be stored temporarily as chitin
be stored temporarily as glycogen
"On food packages, fiber refers to plant material that we can't fully digest but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive tract. This substance refers to a(n):" protein lipid carbohydrate nucleic acid
carbohydrate
What type of macromolecule combines with proteins for form glycoproteins on the cell membrane? protein lipid carbohydrate nucleic acids
carbohydrate
An unsaturated fatty acid is one in which: carbon-carbon double bonds are present in the hydrocarbon chain. all of the carbons in the hydrocarbon chain are bonded to the maximum amount of hydrogen possible. there are an odd number of subunits in the hydrocarbon chain. carbon-carbon double bonds are not present in the hydrocarbon chain.
carbon-carbon double bonds are present in the hydrocarbon chain.
Which of the following is NOT an important structural feature of the cell membrane of an animal cell? lipid bilayer cholesterol cell wall glycoproteins sugar molecules
cell wall
Which of the following is the outermost feature on the surface of a plant cell? lipid bilayer cholesterol cell wall glycoproteins sugar molecules
cell wall
Which of the following organelles is not present in animal cells? lysosome Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion chloroplast
chloroplast
" In dietary terms, a complete protein is one that:" contains all of the essential amino acids. contains all 20 amino acids. "contains carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids as well." stays intact as it travels through your digestive system.
contains all of the essential amino acids.
Water molecules form which type of bond with other water molecules? disulfide bridges ionic bonds hydrogen bonds covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
Phospholipids assemble spontaneously into bilayers driven by the attraction of their tail portions to each other and of their head portions to each other. The tail regions are: hydrophilic. hydrophobic. molecularly charged. polar.
hydrophobic
Phospholipids assemble spontaneously into bilayers driven by the attraction of their tail portions to each other and of their head portions to each other. The tail regions are: polar. protein adhesions. hydrophilic. hydrophobic. molecularly charged.
hydrophobic.
Enzymes: "catalyze reactions that release energy, but not those that consume energy." increase the rate at which a reaction occurs. are always consumed by catalyzing a reaction. sometimes increase the amount of energy necessary to initiate a reaction.
increase the rate at which a reaction occurs.
Which of the following is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? is a viscous fluid found in all cells. controls intercellular movement of some molecules. "gives an animal cell shape and support, but cannot control movement." helps to coordinate intracellular movement of organelles. allows movement of some cells.
is a viscous fluid found in all cells.
Which one of the following organelles is NOT found in both plant and animal cells? mitochondrion nucleus smooth endoplasmic reticulum large central vacuole peroxisome
large central vacuole
"When a protein becomes denatured, ___________." loses it's three-dimensional shape. it increases its rate of function. breaks apart into amino acids. percipitates out of solution.
loses it's three-dimensional shape.
Which of the following organelles is responsible for degrading waste within the cell? lysosome ribosome chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus
lysosome
Which of the following organelles are enclosed by a double membrane?
mitochondria and chloroplast
"Plants have cell walls to give them more structural strength. In order to facilitate movement of molecules from one plant cell to another, there are channels called ___________________ that run through the cell walls." transport vesicles desmosomes plasma membranes plasmodesmata vacuoles
plasmodesmata
A complex polymer built of monosaccharides is called a(n): polypeptide polysaccharide protein nucleic acid
polysaccharide
What type of macromolecule are enzymes? protein lipid carbohydrate nucleic acids
protein
RNA plays an important role in what process? protein synthesis cellular respiration fatty acid synthesis photosynthesis
protein synthesis
RNA plays an important role in what process? protein synthesis cellular respiration fatty acid synthesis photosynthesis
protein synthesis
The cytoskeleton is composed of what macromolecules? lipids nucleic acids carbohydrates proteins salts
proteins
Which of the following is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Golgi apparatus ribosome mitochondria lysosome peroxisome
ribosome
"Hormones, such as estrogen hormones and testosterone, are what type of molecules?" polypeptide polysaccharide sterols enzymes
sterols
Which of the following is NOT an important biological function of lipids? storage of information insulation reglation of growth and development long term storage of energy
storage of information
All of the following are components of amino acids EXCEPT: variable side chain sugar phosphate backbone carboxylic acid group nitrogen-containin amino group
sugar phosphate backbone
What is the most important barrier protecting the inner contents of an animal cell from its exterior environment? the cellular membrane the cell wall the nucleus the cytoskeleton nuclear envelope
the cellular membrane
"In eukaryotic cells, vesicles are consistantly transported between which of the two major organelle compartments?" the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the peroxisomes the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the ribosomes the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the centrioles the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus
the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
In which organelle are lipids synthesized and modified within the eukaryotic cell? the Golgi apparatus the smooth endoplasmic reticulum the lysosome the vesicle the rough endoplasmic reticulum
the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following statements is NOT true of amino acids? "They come in polar, non-polar, and electrically charged forms." They combine to form polypeptides and proteins. They are organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. their sequence does not affect the function of a protein.
their sequence does not affect the function of a protein.
What do all sterols have in common? they are all hydrophilic they have a common 4-ring structure they function in energy storage they are the building blocks of nucleic acids
they have a common 4-ring structure
"In the phospholipid bilayer that makes up a cell, where are the hydrophobic tails?" toward the inside of the cell toward interior of the cell membrane toward the outside of the cell toward the inside and outside of the cell
toward interior of the cell membrane
All of the following are roles played by proteins EXCEPT: structural support. muscular contraction. transmition of information protection against invading organisms.
transmition of information
Which of the following is NOT a nucleotide found in DNA? thymine adenine uracil guanine
uracil
The most abundant molecule in the cell is: cellulose oxygen glucose water
water