Biology chapter 12 study guide
What do viruses carry
Genetic information
Define nucleoid
A part of the cell that contains all the genetic information
Define viroid
A virus consisting of only nucleic acid without a protein coat
Define conjugation
The combination of two substances
Name the several diseases caused by bacteria
inflammation and consolidation of the lung tissue as a result of infection, inhalation of foreign particles, or irradiation. Many organisms, including viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia, but the most common causes are bacteria, in particular species of Streptococcus and Mycoplasma.
Define prion
A protein that is believed to be the cause of brain disease
Define transformation
A thorough dramatic change in form or appearance
Define binary fission
An asexual reproduction. This is the most common type of reproduction in prokaryotes
What is the difference between archaea and bacteria
Archaea have more complex RNA polymerases than Bacteria, similar to Eucarya. Unlike bacteria, archaea cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan. Archaea have different membrane lipid bonding from bacteria and eukarya. There are genetic differences.
What is the function of bacteria in the environment
Bacteria play important roles in the global ecosystem. ... Decomposition is the breakdown of these organisms, and the release of nutrients back into the environment, and is one of the most important roles of the bacteria. The cycling of nitrogen is another important activity of bacteria.
Define transduction
Process where foreign DNA is introduces into a cell by a virus
What is the purpose for a capsule
The capsule keeps the bacteria from drying out . The capsule also keeps the cells shape
What is the difference between a lytic and a lysogenic infection
The key difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle is that the lysogenic cycle does not lyse the host cell. Phages that replicate only via the lytic cycle are known as virulent phages while phages that replicate using both lytic and lysogenic cycles are known as temperate phages.
How can bacteria transfer their DNA
Transduction, the process in which bacterial DNA is moved from one bacterium to another by a virus (a bacteriophage, or phage). Bacterial conjugation, a process that involves the transfer of DNA via a plasmid from a donor cell to a recombinant recipient cell during cell-to-cell contact.
What is the difference between viruses and bacteria
Viruses. Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and require living hosts — such as people, plants or animals — to multiply. Otherwise, they can't survive. When a virus enters your body, it invades some of your cells and takes over the cell machinery, redirecting it to produce the virus.
