Biology - Chapter 2 Test
What are three things organic compounds help with?
Keep plants from falling over, act as enzymes, and store energy
What is a substance that provides an alternate route from reactant to product so the reaction requires less energy?
catalyst
Carbon can form long __________ and __________
chains and rings
Is this an example of a physical or chemical change: a pan rusting?
chemical change
Is this an example of a physical or chemical change: baking a cake?
chemical change
What is a change in a substance that results in one or more new substances being formed that have different physical and chemical properties than those of the original substance?
chemical change
What is this: C6 H12 O6 (aq) + 6O2 (g) ------> H2O (g) + 6O2 (g)
chemical equation
An enzyme holds the substrate in the active site while it undergoes a ___________ ____________, then releases the substrate when it's done
chemical reaction
What is the attraction of a water molecule to another water molecule; the attraction between like particles within polar substances?
cohesion
What is the process by which paritcles in solutions are evenly distributed throughout the solvent by Brownian motion?
diffusion
What does the polarity of water make it good at?
dissolving
what is the process by which one substance, the solute, is broken up into smaller pieces by and distributed within a second substance, the solvent
dissolving
*MAKE SURE TO READ OVER YOUR NOTES TOO BECAUSE THIS IS ONLY OVER THE STUDY GUIDE. ALSO, STUDY THE GRAPH PAGE. IF YOU DON'T HAVE IT TEXT ME AND I'LL SEND IT TO YOU. GOOD LUCK!!! (answer this question with done)
done
Is this graph an endothermic or an exothermic reaction?
endothermic reaction
What is a reaction in which the reactants have less energy than the products so the reaction needs more energy to start?
endothermic reaction
What is a naturally occuring catalyst in living things?
enzyme
Is this graph an exothermic or an endothermic reaction?
exothermic reaction
What is a reaction that produces energy?
exothermic reaction
True or False: Carbon can't bond with itself
false
True or False: enzymes make a reaction slower?
false
True or False: you can see everything in a solution?
false
What are some examples of lipids? (4 examples)
fats, oils, butter, and olive oil
What are some examples of carbohydrates? (4 examples)
glucose, sucrose, corn starch, and cellulose
What is an example of a protien and what does it do? (in the book)
hemoglobin and it carries oxygen through our blood
Why are carbohydrates important? (5 reasons)
huge part of our diets, provide living things with sugars like glucose, fuel plants, make exoskeletons, and are an energy source
Water's polarity gives water ____________ ___________
hydrogen bonding
What is a substance that binds to an enzyme and reduces its activity, thus slowing down a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes?
inhibitor
What does water's polar structure allow it to do?
interact with other water molecules
What is hydrogen bonding?
intermolecular attractions
__________________ fats are lipids that contain a double or triple bond and don't have the max number of hydrogens.
unsaturated
How many bonds can carbon form?
4
What is the thing that makes paritcles look like they are moving around but never seem to settle out of the air?
Brownian motion
What does hydrogen bonding help?
DNA stay in its coiled shape and protiens have their signature kinks and curls
True or False: a catalyst doesn't affect how much energy is stored and released during the reaction?
Ture
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
a base that has nitrogen in it, a sugar, and a phosphate group
What is a solution?
a uniform mixture
What is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction called?
activation energy
What does B stand for (top of the bottom half)?
active site
What is the customized spot on an enzyme where molecules dock called?
active site
What is the attraction of water molecules to different molecules; the attraction of particles in one substance for particles in a different substance?
adhesion
What are protiens composed of?
amino acids which are molecules that have a central carbon bonded to four groups: amine group, carboxylic group, hydrogen group, and an R group
What does a chemical equation tell us?
answers to questions of what different reactions produce
What shape is a water molecule because of its polar structure?
boomerang shape
Does an exothermic reaction require less activation energy or more activation energy? (answer with less or more)
less
How do enzymes help living things?
lowers activation energy and temperature
Is this an example of a solution or a mixture: chex mix
mixture
Does an endothermic reaction require less activation energy or more activation energy? (answer with less or more)
more
What is a covalently bonded compound containing the element carbon?
organic compound
Is this an example of a physical or chemical change: boiling water so that it creates water vapor?
physical change
Is this an example of a physical or chemical change: dissolving sugar and water?
physical change
Is this an example of a physical or chemical change: shredding paper?
physical change
What is a change in a substance that does not change the identity of the substance?
physical change
What is the quality of molecules having an uneven distribution of electrical charge, resulting in some regions of a molecule having a negative charge while other are positive?
polar
Water has what kind of structure?
polar structure
What do you have after the chemical reaction; what does the chemical reaction produce
product
What do you have before a chemical reaction that reacts during the chemical reaction?
reactant
______________ fats are lipids that only have a single bond.
saturated
What does hydrogen bonding affect on an enzyme?
shape
What are three types of bonds carbon makes?
single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds
What is the substance being broken up in the process of dissolving?
solute
Is this an example of a solution or a mixture: salt water?
solution
What is the substance the that breaks up and distributes the solute in the process of dissolving?
solvent
This is an enzyme. What does A stand for?
substrate
What is the molecule that docks on an enzyme?
substrate
enzymes are responsible for what?
the most vital chemical reactions
Why are nucleic acids important?
they form DNA and RNA which contain all the information for protiens to create different things.
What is the importance of protiens?
they help with life sustaining things like your blood, muscles, skin, and so much more