Biology - Chapter 2 Test

What are three things organic compounds help with?

Keep plants from falling over, act as enzymes, and store energy

What is a substance that provides an alternate route from reactant to product so the reaction requires less energy?

catalyst

Carbon can form long __________ and __________

chains and rings

Is this an example of a physical or chemical change: a pan rusting?

chemical change

Is this an example of a physical or chemical change: baking a cake?

chemical change

What is a change in a substance that results in one or more new substances being formed that have different physical and chemical properties than those of the original substance?

chemical change

What is this: C6 H12 O6 (aq) + 6O2 (g) ------> H2O (g) + 6O2 (g)

chemical equation

An enzyme holds the substrate in the active site while it undergoes a ___________ ____________, then releases the substrate when it's done

chemical reaction

What is the attraction of a water molecule to another water molecule; the attraction between like particles within polar substances?

cohesion

What is the process by which paritcles in solutions are evenly distributed throughout the solvent by Brownian motion?

diffusion

What does the polarity of water make it good at?

dissolving

what is the process by which one substance, the solute, is broken up into smaller pieces by and distributed within a second substance, the solvent

dissolving

*MAKE SURE TO READ OVER YOUR NOTES TOO BECAUSE THIS IS ONLY OVER THE STUDY GUIDE. ALSO, STUDY THE GRAPH PAGE. IF YOU DON'T HAVE IT TEXT ME AND I'LL SEND IT TO YOU. GOOD LUCK!!! (answer this question with done)

done

Is this graph an endothermic or an exothermic reaction?

endothermic reaction

What is a reaction in which the reactants have less energy than the products so the reaction needs more energy to start?

endothermic reaction

What is a naturally occuring catalyst in living things?

enzyme

Is this graph an exothermic or an endothermic reaction?

exothermic reaction

What is a reaction that produces energy?

exothermic reaction

True or False: Carbon can't bond with itself

false

True or False: enzymes make a reaction slower?

false

True or False: you can see everything in a solution?

false

What are some examples of lipids? (4 examples)

fats, oils, butter, and olive oil

What are some examples of carbohydrates? (4 examples)

glucose, sucrose, corn starch, and cellulose

What is an example of a protien and what does it do? (in the book)

hemoglobin and it carries oxygen through our blood

Why are carbohydrates important? (5 reasons)

huge part of our diets, provide living things with sugars like glucose, fuel plants, make exoskeletons, and are an energy source

Water's polarity gives water ____________ ___________

hydrogen bonding

What is a substance that binds to an enzyme and reduces its activity, thus slowing down a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes?

inhibitor

What does water's polar structure allow it to do?

interact with other water molecules

What is hydrogen bonding?

intermolecular attractions

__________________ fats are lipids that contain a double or triple bond and don't have the max number of hydrogens.

unsaturated

How many bonds can carbon form?

4

What is the thing that makes paritcles look like they are moving around but never seem to settle out of the air?

Brownian motion

What does hydrogen bonding help?

DNA stay in its coiled shape and protiens have their signature kinks and curls

True or False: a catalyst doesn't affect how much energy is stored and released during the reaction?

Ture

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

a base that has nitrogen in it, a sugar, and a phosphate group

What is a solution?

a uniform mixture

What is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction called?

activation energy

What does B stand for (top of the bottom half)?

active site

What is the customized spot on an enzyme where molecules dock called?

active site

What is the attraction of water molecules to different molecules; the attraction of particles in one substance for particles in a different substance?

adhesion

What are protiens composed of?

amino acids which are molecules that have a central carbon bonded to four groups: amine group, carboxylic group, hydrogen group, and an R group

What does a chemical equation tell us?

answers to questions of what different reactions produce

What shape is a water molecule because of its polar structure?

boomerang shape

Does an exothermic reaction require less activation energy or more activation energy? (answer with less or more)

less

How do enzymes help living things?

lowers activation energy and temperature

Is this an example of a solution or a mixture: chex mix

mixture

Does an endothermic reaction require less activation energy or more activation energy? (answer with less or more)

more

What is a covalently bonded compound containing the element carbon?

organic compound

Is this an example of a physical or chemical change: boiling water so that it creates water vapor?

physical change

Is this an example of a physical or chemical change: dissolving sugar and water?

physical change

Is this an example of a physical or chemical change: shredding paper?

physical change

What is a change in a substance that does not change the identity of the substance?

physical change

What is the quality of molecules having an uneven distribution of electrical charge, resulting in some regions of a molecule having a negative charge while other are positive?

polar

Water has what kind of structure?

polar structure

What do you have after the chemical reaction; what does the chemical reaction produce

product

What do you have before a chemical reaction that reacts during the chemical reaction?

reactant

______________ fats are lipids that only have a single bond.

saturated

What does hydrogen bonding affect on an enzyme?

shape

What are three types of bonds carbon makes?

single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds

What is the substance being broken up in the process of dissolving?

solute

Is this an example of a solution or a mixture: salt water?

solution

What is the substance the that breaks up and distributes the solute in the process of dissolving?

solvent

This is an enzyme. What does A stand for?

substrate

What is the molecule that docks on an enzyme?

substrate

enzymes are responsible for what?

the most vital chemical reactions

Why are nucleic acids important?

they form DNA and RNA which contain all the information for protiens to create different things.

What is the importance of protiens?

they help with life sustaining things like your blood, muscles, skin, and so much more