Biology Chapter 9 Vocabulary
Calorie
A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. Measure of heat energy in food; equivalent to 1000 calories.
Glycolysis
First set of reactions in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Matrix
Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion.
NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Electron carrier involved in glycolysis.
Fermentation
Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.
Anaerobic
Process that does not require oxygen.
Cellular respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Aerobic
Process that requires oxygen.
Krebs cycle
Second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide Ina series of energy-extracting reactions.