Biology Chapter 9 Vocabulary

Calorie

A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. Measure of heat energy in food; equivalent to 1000 calories.

Glycolysis

First set of reactions in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Matrix

Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion.

NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Electron carrier involved in glycolysis.

Fermentation

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.

Anaerobic

Process that does not require oxygen.

Cellular respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Aerobic

Process that requires oxygen.

Krebs cycle

Second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide Ina series of energy-extracting reactions.