Biology final part 1

Excavates

Supergroup that includes protists with modified mitochondria and protists with unique flagella

prokaryotes have their genetic info. stored in

a large circular piece of DNA

Most bacterial cells keep from busting in a hypotonic environment by:

a rigid cell wall

who am i?i am characterized by having a test and axopods?

actinpods

members of the ____ move vis pse.

amebozoa

plasmids of bacteria often have gened involved in:

antibiotic resitances

malaria is cause by an ___ which is carried to a host by a ___

apicomplexan;mosquito

most protists are:

aquatic

Foraminiferan

aquatic protists that secrete a hardened shell containing calcium carbonate and extend pseudopodia through pores in the shell (Rhizarians)

rod shaped bacteria are called

bacilli

the first bacterium that was clearly identified as the cause of an infectious disease was:

bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax

the most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

binary fission

in Ciliates macronuclei control___

both growth and metabolism

a bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutricious organic compounds is a :

chemoautotrophs

mast bacteria are

chemoautotrophs

in paramecium, the surface of the cell wall is covered with thousands of short hair-like _____

cilia

____ are characterized by having a micronucleous and a macronuclous

ciliates

symbiotic assosiation in which one partner benefits and the other is unaffected is called:

commensalism

___ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells

conjugation

the comercially important unicellular protists that are used in filterd polishes are:

diatoms

individuals in this group often have unicellular shells of interlocking plates

dinoflagellates

members of which group are one of the most important producers in marine ecosystems although sometimes they form blooms known as red tides?

dinoflagellates

amoung the protist groups below,which have organisms that typically move with one or more flagella

diplomonads

___ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to advers environmental condition.

endospores

mitochondria and chloroplasts in euk. cells probably originated from:

endosymbionts

Bacterial ___ cause systmatic symtoms such as fever,, whereas bacterial ___ cause more specific maladies.

endotoxins;exotoxins

members of this group have a crystalline rod in their flagella:

euglenoids

who am I? i have the sam photosynthetic pigments as plants but can also obtain nutrients by ingesting

euglenoids

___ ae archaea that are typically found in abnormally hot environments

extreme thermophilles

members of the alveolates are characterized by the presence of:

flattened vesicles under the plasma membrane

members of which group have formed deposists of chalk, as seen in the white cliffs of dover?

foraminiferns

members of the ____ are thought to have given rise to plants.

green alage

brown algae lack true roots but have similar structures calle ___

holfasts

the energy parasite chlamydia is known to:

lack pep. in cell wall

the archae differ from the bacteria and eukaryotes by having diffrent _____ in their cell membranes, but the Archaea are similar to eukaryotes in their ___ process

lipids;translation

Bacteria:

move by means of whiplike flagella

pse. are used by amoeba for injesting food as well as:

movement

a ___ bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen

obligate anerobic

uniknots are charcterized by having

one flagellum

based on the most recent data avaliable the protist kingdom is:

paraphylitic

symbiotic assosiation in which one partner lives on or in another and metabollically depends on it is called:

parasitism

late blight of potatos that caused the irish potato famine is caused by members of the genus:

phytophthora

small hairlike structures on the surface of bacteria are called:

pili

at the base of the food web in aqautic ecosystems are:

plants

members of this group are characterized by a multicellular ameboid-like feeding form called a plasmodium

plasmodial slime molds

The first eukaryotic cells to evolve from ancestoral prokaryotes were:

protists

Gram positive bacteria would stain ___ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of ____ in their cell walls

purple;peptidoglycan

which group of algae are a commercial source of agar and carrageenan?

red algae

which of the following protist group does not have flagellated cells?

red algae

members of this group typically consist of ameboid cells surrounded by a hard out shell through which cytoplasmic projections extend

rhizan

* a Chain of round bacteria would be called

streptococci

the walls of bacteria contain peptidoglycan, which is:

sugars crosslinked with proteins

Sporozoite

the infective spore-like state in apicomplexans

even though bacteria lack membrane bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:

the plasma membrane

the ost signifigant diffrence between the archae bacteria and the bacteria is

the presence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of Archaea

Mycelium

the vegatative body of most fungi and certain protists

some bacteria avoid being phagocytizied by a host's immune system by means of

their capsule

which of the fllowing statements concerning biofilms is FALSE?

they are usually less than 2um thick

one unique characteistic associated with some of the extreme halophillic archaea is that:

they have photosynthtic ability involving a purple bacteria. pigment.

who am i? i cause african sleeping sickness

trypansoma

dinoflagellates that contribute substantially to the productivity of coral reefs are ___

zooxanthellae

Transduction

(genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage

Nucleoid

A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell

F Factor

A fertility factor in bacteria, a DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili for conjugation and associated functions required for the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient. It may exist as a plasmid or integrated into the bacterial chromosome

Flagellum

A long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move

Plasmodium

A multinucleate mass of living matter that moves and feeds in an amoeboid fashion

Bacillus

A rod-shaped bacterium.

Plasmid

A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code.

Holdfast

A special structure used by an organism to anchor itself.

Capsule

A sticky layer that surrounds the cell wall of some prokaryotes, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces

Conjugation

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.

pili are involved in adhesion of bacterial cells to a substrate or host or in transmission of ___ between bacteria

DNA

ancestors of ___ may have posseesed mitochondria which were lost or reduced during evolutionsry history

Giardia

Plankton

Microscopic organisms that float and drift in the ocean waters are called

Water molds are members of the kingdom _____

Protista