Biology final part 1
Excavates
Supergroup that includes protists with modified mitochondria and protists with unique flagella
prokaryotes have their genetic info. stored in
a large circular piece of DNA
Most bacterial cells keep from busting in a hypotonic environment by:
a rigid cell wall
who am i?i am characterized by having a test and axopods?
actinpods
members of the ____ move vis pse.
amebozoa
plasmids of bacteria often have gened involved in:
antibiotic resitances
malaria is cause by an ___ which is carried to a host by a ___
apicomplexan;mosquito
most protists are:
aquatic
Foraminiferan
aquatic protists that secrete a hardened shell containing calcium carbonate and extend pseudopodia through pores in the shell (Rhizarians)
rod shaped bacteria are called
bacilli
the first bacterium that was clearly identified as the cause of an infectious disease was:
bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax
the most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:
binary fission
in Ciliates macronuclei control___
both growth and metabolism
a bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutricious organic compounds is a :
chemoautotrophs
mast bacteria are
chemoautotrophs
in paramecium, the surface of the cell wall is covered with thousands of short hair-like _____
cilia
____ are characterized by having a micronucleous and a macronuclous
ciliates
symbiotic assosiation in which one partner benefits and the other is unaffected is called:
commensalism
___ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells
conjugation
the comercially important unicellular protists that are used in filterd polishes are:
diatoms
individuals in this group often have unicellular shells of interlocking plates
dinoflagellates
members of which group are one of the most important producers in marine ecosystems although sometimes they form blooms known as red tides?
dinoflagellates
amoung the protist groups below,which have organisms that typically move with one or more flagella
diplomonads
___ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to advers environmental condition.
endospores
mitochondria and chloroplasts in euk. cells probably originated from:
endosymbionts
Bacterial ___ cause systmatic symtoms such as fever,, whereas bacterial ___ cause more specific maladies.
endotoxins;exotoxins
members of this group have a crystalline rod in their flagella:
euglenoids
who am I? i have the sam photosynthetic pigments as plants but can also obtain nutrients by ingesting
euglenoids
___ ae archaea that are typically found in abnormally hot environments
extreme thermophilles
members of the alveolates are characterized by the presence of:
flattened vesicles under the plasma membrane
members of which group have formed deposists of chalk, as seen in the white cliffs of dover?
foraminiferns
members of the ____ are thought to have given rise to plants.
green alage
brown algae lack true roots but have similar structures calle ___
holfasts
the energy parasite chlamydia is known to:
lack pep. in cell wall
the archae differ from the bacteria and eukaryotes by having diffrent _____ in their cell membranes, but the Archaea are similar to eukaryotes in their ___ process
lipids;translation
Bacteria:
move by means of whiplike flagella
pse. are used by amoeba for injesting food as well as:
movement
a ___ bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen
obligate anerobic
uniknots are charcterized by having
one flagellum
based on the most recent data avaliable the protist kingdom is:
paraphylitic
symbiotic assosiation in which one partner lives on or in another and metabollically depends on it is called:
parasitism
late blight of potatos that caused the irish potato famine is caused by members of the genus:
phytophthora
small hairlike structures on the surface of bacteria are called:
pili
at the base of the food web in aqautic ecosystems are:
plants
members of this group are characterized by a multicellular ameboid-like feeding form called a plasmodium
plasmodial slime molds
The first eukaryotic cells to evolve from ancestoral prokaryotes were:
protists
Gram positive bacteria would stain ___ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of ____ in their cell walls
purple;peptidoglycan
which group of algae are a commercial source of agar and carrageenan?
red algae
which of the following protist group does not have flagellated cells?
red algae
members of this group typically consist of ameboid cells surrounded by a hard out shell through which cytoplasmic projections extend
rhizan
* a Chain of round bacteria would be called
streptococci
the walls of bacteria contain peptidoglycan, which is:
sugars crosslinked with proteins
Sporozoite
the infective spore-like state in apicomplexans
even though bacteria lack membrane bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:
the plasma membrane
the ost signifigant diffrence between the archae bacteria and the bacteria is
the presence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of Archaea
Mycelium
the vegatative body of most fungi and certain protists
some bacteria avoid being phagocytizied by a host's immune system by means of
their capsule
which of the fllowing statements concerning biofilms is FALSE?
they are usually less than 2um thick
one unique characteistic associated with some of the extreme halophillic archaea is that:
they have photosynthtic ability involving a purple bacteria. pigment.
who am i? i cause african sleeping sickness
trypansoma
dinoflagellates that contribute substantially to the productivity of coral reefs are ___
zooxanthellae
Transduction
(genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
Nucleoid
A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell
F Factor
A fertility factor in bacteria, a DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili for conjugation and associated functions required for the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient. It may exist as a plasmid or integrated into the bacterial chromosome
Flagellum
A long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move
Plasmodium
A multinucleate mass of living matter that moves and feeds in an amoeboid fashion
Bacillus
A rod-shaped bacterium.
Plasmid
A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code.
Holdfast
A special structure used by an organism to anchor itself.
Capsule
A sticky layer that surrounds the cell wall of some prokaryotes, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces
Conjugation
A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.
pili are involved in adhesion of bacterial cells to a substrate or host or in transmission of ___ between bacteria
DNA
ancestors of ___ may have posseesed mitochondria which were lost or reduced during evolutionsry history
Giardia
Plankton
Microscopic organisms that float and drift in the ocean waters are called
Water molds are members of the kingdom _____
Protista