Biology II Exam 3

A virus is a very small infective agent that consists of a core of nucleic acid and is dependent on a living host. (T or F)

True

Bacterial plasmids often have genes that code for genetic exchange or antibiotic resistance. (T or F)

True

Dolphins share synapomorphies with mammals (T or F)

True

Horizontal gene transfer greatly contributes to the rapid evolution that takes place in prokaryotes. (T or F)

True

In algae, gametangia are generally unicellular (T or F)

True

Lytic reproductive cycles destroy host cells. (T or F)

True

Membership in a class cannot be established by shared ancestral traits alone (T or F)

True

Systematics use phylogenetic trees to graphically represent hypothesized evolutionary relationships among organisms. (T or F)

True

The archaeplastids include the red algae and the green algae. (T or F)

True

The similarity between the bodies of sharks and dolphins is an example of convergent evolution (T or F)

True

Cells that have a single flagellum or are amoebas with no flagella are:

Unikonts

Due to our increasing ability to analyze DNA sequences and other molecular data of organisms, scientists are more often classifying organisms by their:

evolutionary history

Within ciliates, what do the micronuclei control?

reproduction

A monophyletic group is defined by:

shared derived characters

The novel traits that evolve and remain present in a descendant organism are referred to as:

shared derived characters

Meiosis occurs forming spores within which of the following?

sporangium

What is a chain of round bacteria called?

streptococci

Peptidoglycan consists of:

sugars crosslinked with proteins

The scientific study of the diversity of organisms and the evolutionary relationships between them are referred to as:

systematics

Which is the gametophyte form of most liverworts?

thallus

Why are mosses and liverworts limited in size?

they lack vascular tissues

What is a very small infective agent that consists of a core of nucleic acid and is dependent on a living host?

virus

Which are the symbiotic dinoflagellates, which live in the bodies of marine invertebrates such as corals?

zooxanthellae

How are fungi different from plants?

Fungi are heterotrophic

Which of the following taxa would be least inclusive?

Genus

Which group of protist are unicellular and form a significant portion of nanoplankton?

Golden algae

Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells?

diatoms

Members of which groups are known to form blooms known as red tides?

dinoflagellates

In ____ , gene swapping takes place between one genome and another within one taxing or between genomes in different taxa.

Horizontal gene transfer

The term "clade" most closely refers to:

A group of organisms that share common characteristics inherited from a common ancestor.

Which state describes a temperate virus?

A temperate virus does not always destroy its host.

What is male sexual sexual structure that produces sperm in plants?

Antheridium

Parasites that produce sporozoites and are nonmotile

Apicomplexans

How do bacteria move?

By means of a rotating flagella

How are viruses classified?

By their host range and other characteristics

Which of the following characteristics shared between green algae and plants?

Chlorophylls a and b in plastids

Which of the following taxa would be most inclusive?

Class

Which classification level contains the greatest number of species?

Domain

Organisms that have nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles are:

Eukarya

A paraphyletic group consists of several evolutionary lines that do not share a common ancestor (T or F)

False

Amoebozoans move by means of flagella (T or F)

False

Bacteria must protect themselves from bacteriophage infections by producing restriction enzymes that cut up foreign RNA of the phage. (T or F)

False

Bacterial chemoautotrophs use organic chemicals as an energy source. (T or F)

False

Each archegonium produces many eggs. (T or F)

False

Mammalia is a class the contains many phyla (T or F)

False

Mosses have stems, roots, and leaves. (T or F)

False

The nucleic acid core of the virus is not surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. (T or F)

False

Transformation, conjugation, and transduction are forms of vertical gene transfer for prokaryotes. (T or F)

False

Land plants are thought to have arisen most directly from a red algal ancestor. (T or F)

False (green)

What is the translation of "pseudopodia", a characteristic of the amoebas?

False feet

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement about label 1 is FALSE?

It is part of the sporophyte generation

Scientific names are typically derived from the root of which language?

Latin

Which of the following typically occurs all at once and results in rapid cell lysis?

Phage release

After kingdom, what is the next taxon by which organisms are grouped?

Phylum

How many domains form the tree branches of the tree of life!

Three

Why is the purpose of sex pili?

To transmit DNA between bacteria

What is the verticle gene transfer?

The transmission of genetic material from parents to offspring during reproduction

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:

Their capsule or slime layer

Scientist using evolutionary systematics to construct a phylogenetic tree would use:

a combination of ancestral and derived characteristics.

Humans, as well as all other mammals, have hair. Hair, then, would be considered to be a(n):

ancestral character

Plasmids of bacteria often have genes involved in:

antibiotic resistance

Which type of protist is responsible for malaria in humans, parasitic to both humans and mosquitoes?

apicomplexans

Gametophytes also produce female gametangia known as:

archegonia

An example of homologous structures is the wing of a bat and the:

arm of a human

At what stage of a lytic infection are phage components put together to make new viruses?

assembly

Before an animal cell's membrane fuses with a virus, the virus must first:

attach to a specific receptor on the plasma membrane of the host cell

Which of the following are rod shaped bacteria?

bacilli

Prokaryotes divide using a process called:

binary fission

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

binary fission

Linnaeus simplified scientific classification by developing:

binomial system of nomenclature

Protist have various means of locomotion; they move by all of the following means EXCEPT:

by mycelium

What is the protein coat of a virus called?

capsid

What commercial product is derived from the processing of red algae?

carrageenan

Which protist group is characterized by having a micronucleus and a macronucleus?

ciliates

Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as:

coenocytic

Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels therefore demonstrate:

convergent evolution

The haploid portion of the life cycle is called the ________ because it gives rise to haploid gametes by mitosis.

gametophyte generation

The structure in the accompanying figure labeled as 4 is:

haploid

bacterial conjugation is related to:

horizontal gene transfer

Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for:

locomotion

What type of conversion occurs when a bacterium carrying viral genes takes on new, atypical characteristics?

lysogenic

Which eukaryotic organelles likely arose from symbiotic relationships between larger cells and bacteria?

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Scientist may compare similarities between nucleotide sequences of organisms to determine their evolutionary history. This is known as:

molecular systematics

A taxonomic that includes all the descendants of an ancestor is called:

monophyletic

Shared homologous structures would indicate that two taxa are:

monophyletic

Taxonomy is the science of:

naming, describing, classifying organisms

What is the correct unit of measurement for the size of most viruses?

nanometers

When a virus penetrates the host plasma membrane and moves into the cytoplasm it is called:

penetration

What are the viruses that attack bacteria?

phages

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor is known as:

phylogeny