Biology II Exam 3
A virus is a very small infective agent that consists of a core of nucleic acid and is dependent on a living host. (T or F)
True
Bacterial plasmids often have genes that code for genetic exchange or antibiotic resistance. (T or F)
True
Dolphins share synapomorphies with mammals (T or F)
True
Horizontal gene transfer greatly contributes to the rapid evolution that takes place in prokaryotes. (T or F)
True
In algae, gametangia are generally unicellular (T or F)
True
Lytic reproductive cycles destroy host cells. (T or F)
True
Membership in a class cannot be established by shared ancestral traits alone (T or F)
True
Systematics use phylogenetic trees to graphically represent hypothesized evolutionary relationships among organisms. (T or F)
True
The archaeplastids include the red algae and the green algae. (T or F)
True
The similarity between the bodies of sharks and dolphins is an example of convergent evolution (T or F)
True
Cells that have a single flagellum or are amoebas with no flagella are:
Unikonts
Due to our increasing ability to analyze DNA sequences and other molecular data of organisms, scientists are more often classifying organisms by their:
evolutionary history
Within ciliates, what do the micronuclei control?
reproduction
A monophyletic group is defined by:
shared derived characters
The novel traits that evolve and remain present in a descendant organism are referred to as:
shared derived characters
Meiosis occurs forming spores within which of the following?
sporangium
What is a chain of round bacteria called?
streptococci
Peptidoglycan consists of:
sugars crosslinked with proteins
The scientific study of the diversity of organisms and the evolutionary relationships between them are referred to as:
systematics
Which is the gametophyte form of most liverworts?
thallus
Why are mosses and liverworts limited in size?
they lack vascular tissues
What is a very small infective agent that consists of a core of nucleic acid and is dependent on a living host?
virus
Which are the symbiotic dinoflagellates, which live in the bodies of marine invertebrates such as corals?
zooxanthellae
How are fungi different from plants?
Fungi are heterotrophic
Which of the following taxa would be least inclusive?
Genus
Which group of protist are unicellular and form a significant portion of nanoplankton?
Golden algae
Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells?
diatoms
Members of which groups are known to form blooms known as red tides?
dinoflagellates
In ____ , gene swapping takes place between one genome and another within one taxing or between genomes in different taxa.
Horizontal gene transfer
The term "clade" most closely refers to:
A group of organisms that share common characteristics inherited from a common ancestor.
Which state describes a temperate virus?
A temperate virus does not always destroy its host.
What is male sexual sexual structure that produces sperm in plants?
Antheridium
Parasites that produce sporozoites and are nonmotile
Apicomplexans
How do bacteria move?
By means of a rotating flagella
How are viruses classified?
By their host range and other characteristics
Which of the following characteristics shared between green algae and plants?
Chlorophylls a and b in plastids
Which of the following taxa would be most inclusive?
Class
Which classification level contains the greatest number of species?
Domain
Organisms that have nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles are:
Eukarya
A paraphyletic group consists of several evolutionary lines that do not share a common ancestor (T or F)
False
Amoebozoans move by means of flagella (T or F)
False
Bacteria must protect themselves from bacteriophage infections by producing restriction enzymes that cut up foreign RNA of the phage. (T or F)
False
Bacterial chemoautotrophs use organic chemicals as an energy source. (T or F)
False
Each archegonium produces many eggs. (T or F)
False
Mammalia is a class the contains many phyla (T or F)
False
Mosses have stems, roots, and leaves. (T or F)
False
The nucleic acid core of the virus is not surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. (T or F)
False
Transformation, conjugation, and transduction are forms of vertical gene transfer for prokaryotes. (T or F)
False
Land plants are thought to have arisen most directly from a red algal ancestor. (T or F)
False (green)
What is the translation of "pseudopodia", a characteristic of the amoebas?
False feet
Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement about label 1 is FALSE?
It is part of the sporophyte generation
Scientific names are typically derived from the root of which language?
Latin
Which of the following typically occurs all at once and results in rapid cell lysis?
Phage release
After kingdom, what is the next taxon by which organisms are grouped?
Phylum
How many domains form the tree branches of the tree of life!
Three
Why is the purpose of sex pili?
To transmit DNA between bacteria
What is the verticle gene transfer?
The transmission of genetic material from parents to offspring during reproduction
Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:
Their capsule or slime layer
Scientist using evolutionary systematics to construct a phylogenetic tree would use:
a combination of ancestral and derived characteristics.
Humans, as well as all other mammals, have hair. Hair, then, would be considered to be a(n):
ancestral character
Plasmids of bacteria often have genes involved in:
antibiotic resistance
Which type of protist is responsible for malaria in humans, parasitic to both humans and mosquitoes?
apicomplexans
Gametophytes also produce female gametangia known as:
archegonia
An example of homologous structures is the wing of a bat and the:
arm of a human
At what stage of a lytic infection are phage components put together to make new viruses?
assembly
Before an animal cell's membrane fuses with a virus, the virus must first:
attach to a specific receptor on the plasma membrane of the host cell
Which of the following are rod shaped bacteria?
bacilli
Prokaryotes divide using a process called:
binary fission
The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:
binary fission
Linnaeus simplified scientific classification by developing:
binomial system of nomenclature
Protist have various means of locomotion; they move by all of the following means EXCEPT:
by mycelium
What is the protein coat of a virus called?
capsid
What commercial product is derived from the processing of red algae?
carrageenan
Which protist group is characterized by having a micronucleus and a macronucleus?
ciliates
Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as:
coenocytic
Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels therefore demonstrate:
convergent evolution
The haploid portion of the life cycle is called the ________ because it gives rise to haploid gametes by mitosis.
gametophyte generation
The structure in the accompanying figure labeled as 4 is:
haploid
bacterial conjugation is related to:
horizontal gene transfer
Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for:
locomotion
What type of conversion occurs when a bacterium carrying viral genes takes on new, atypical characteristics?
lysogenic
Which eukaryotic organelles likely arose from symbiotic relationships between larger cells and bacteria?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Scientist may compare similarities between nucleotide sequences of organisms to determine their evolutionary history. This is known as:
molecular systematics
A taxonomic that includes all the descendants of an ancestor is called:
monophyletic
Shared homologous structures would indicate that two taxa are:
monophyletic
Taxonomy is the science of:
naming, describing, classifying organisms
What is the correct unit of measurement for the size of most viruses?
nanometers
When a virus penetrates the host plasma membrane and moves into the cytoplasm it is called:
penetration
What are the viruses that attack bacteria?
phages
The evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor is known as:
phylogeny