Biology the Core Exam 1

How does a theory differ from a hypothesis?

A theory is a broader, , "big idea" that has been well supported by many studies and eperiments.

Which domain(s) consist(s) of prokaryotic cells? a. Archaea and Eukarya b. Archaea only c. Bacteria and Archaea d. Bacteria only

Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following is in the correct order, from largest to smallest?

Community - Population - Organ - Tissue - Cell - Organelle - Molecule - Atom

_____ is the process in which organisms possessing characteristics that make them better adjusted to an environment tend to survive and reproduce better than those without the advantageous characteristics.

Natural selection

What is the labeled structure of #1?

Nucleus

Which statement is true? a. The nucleus is important in controlling the use of genes. b. Pores in the nuclear membrance are complely open and allow anything in the cytoplasm to enter the nucleus. c. The nucleus is surrounded by a single layer of membrane. d. The mitochondria are involved in photosynthesis.

The nucleus is important in controlling the use of genes.

If an atom loses an elecron it will become ___________. a. a positively charged ion b. radioactive c. a negatively charged ion d. hydrophobic

a positively charged ion

Proteins are polymers of ________. a. nucleotides b. monosaccharides (sugars) c. amino acids d. fatty acids

amino acids

Is the cell in the diagram above an animal cell or a plant cell?

animal cell

Which of the following would raise the pH if added to a solution? a. salt b. water c. acid d. base

base

If you were to cmbine all of the ecosystems on the planet, you would have the ___________.

biosphere

Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? a. only protons b. only neutrons c. both protons and neutrons d. both protons and electrons

both protons and neutrons

Which of the following structures can perform all the activities required for life? a. DNA molecules b. cells c. organells d. nucleus

cells

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? a. leaf b. Golgi body c. chloroplast d. mitochondrion

chloroplast

Which of the following are found in plant cells but not animal cells? a. cell wall and Golgi body b. chloroplast and mitochondria c. chloroplast and central vacuole d. nucleus and lysomes

chloroplast and central vacuole

All organic molecules _____________. a. are non polar b. are macromolecules c. contain carbon d. are polar

contain carbon

Which structure helps maintain the shape of an animal cell? a. cell wall b mitochondrion c. central vacuole d. cytoskeleton

cytoskeleton

What is the labeled structure #2?

endoplasmic reticulum

Isotopes are elements that have _________. a. different atomic numbers and different numbers of neutrons. b. the same number of electrons but different numbers of neutrons. c. different atomic numbers and different numbers of electrons. d. the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.

have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.

Water molecules form ____ bonds with each other when the partial negative charge of the oxygen in one molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of a hydrogen in anothe molecule. a. covalent b. ionic c. nonpolar d. hydrogen

hydrogen

Polar molecules readily mix with water and are said to be ___________. a, hydrophobic b. hydrophilic c. hydrodynamic d. hydrostatic

hydrophilic

When comparing two solutions, the solution with a lower concentration is called _________. a. exotonic b. hypotonic c. hypertonic d. isotonic

hypotonic

The cytoplasm is the ______. a. interior of a cell b. energy storage molecule of cells c. genetic information of a cell d. interior of a nucleus

interior of a cell

Chemical bonds formed between oppositely charged atoms are called _______. a. covalent bonds b. ionic bonds c. atomic bonds d. hydrogen bonds

ionic bonds

Which type of molecules are always hydrophobic? a. carbohydrates b. nucleic acids c. lipids d. proteins

lipids

Which of the following are likely found in animal cells but not usually in plant cells? a. chloroplast and entral vacuole b. cell wall and Golgi body c. lysomes d. chloroplast and mitochondria

lysomes

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration? a. lung b. chloroplast c. mitochondrion d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitchondrion

What is the structure labeled #3?

mitochondrion

Carbohydrates are polymers of ______. a. nucleotides b. monosaccharides (sugars) c. amino acids d. fatty acids

monosaccharides (sugars)

A _______ bond shares electrons between atoms equally. a. ionic b. hydrogen c. polar covalent d. nonpolar covalent

nonpolar covalent

Nucleic acids are polymers of _______. a. amino acids b. nucleotides c. fatty acids d. monosaccharides (sugars)

nucleotides

The diffusion of water is called ________. a. osmosis b. endocytosis c. active transport d. exocytosis

osmosis

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus? a. protein sorting b. proten synthesis c. digestion of organic matter inside the cell d DNA replication

protein sorting

Which of the following is NOT a porperty of all life? a. reproduction b. growth c. evolution d. respiration

respiration

Which of the following performs protein synthesis? a. ribosomes b. the Golgi body c. the nucleus d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes

Rough ER differs from smooth ER in that _________.

rough ER has ribosomes and performs protein synthesis whereas smooth ER does not

Relative to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells are _______. a. smaller and simpler b. smaller and more complex c. larger and more complex d. larger and equally complex

smaller and simpler

Which structure(s) helps maintain the shape of a plant cell? a. only the cytoskeleton b. the cytoskeleton and cell wall c. the cytoskeleton, cell wall, and central vacuole d. ony the cell wall

the cytoskeleton, cell wall, and central vacuole

A protein might be moved from the ER to the Golgi body by a _________. a. lysosome b. central vacuole c. ribosome d. transport vesicle

transport vesicle

Which statement is true? a. Evolution and natural selction are exactly the same thing b. Evolution occurs within a single generation c. Evolution occurs in individuals d. Evolution occurs in a polulation over generations

Evolution occurs in a population over generations

_______ is the discharge of substances contained in vesicles to the outside of the cell. a. Exocytosis b. Phagocytosis c. Pinocytosis d. Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Which of the following statements is false? a. All prokaryotes are unicellular. b. Cell walls may be found in bothe prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. c. Only eukaryotic cells have DNA. dl a eukaryote could be unicellular or multicellular.

False: Only eukaryotic cells have DNA

what is the structure labeled #4?

Golgi apparatus

Which bet describes the arrangement of phospholipids in a lipid bilayer such as the plasma membrane?

Hydrophobic hydrocarbon "tails" in the interior; hydrophilic phosphate "heads" at the exterior