Biology - The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology
rank the following terms from simplest to most complex.
-atoms -molecules -macromolecules -organelles -cells
the chemical level of an organism is ___________.
-the simplest level of organization -composed of atoms and molecules
surface anatomy
a focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them
systematic anatomy
a study of each body system
respiratory physiology
a study of how gas exchange occurs
embryology
a study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth
neurophysiology
an examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body
comparative anatomy
an examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species
regional anatomy
an examination of the structures in a particular region
anatomic position
an individual stands upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor, the upper limbs are at the sides of the body, and palms face anteriorly (toward the front); the head is level, and the eyes look forward toward the observer
visualizing the body in the ____________ ____________ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions
anatomical position
_________ examines the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs
anatomists
scientists who study the structure and form of organisms
anatomists
describes the muscle layers in the wall of the small intestine
anatomy
the anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is ______________.
antebrachial
_________ are the smallest units of matter having the chemical properties of the element
atoms
The anatomical term for facial cheek is
buccal
the anatomical term for cheek is _________ while the anatomical term for chin is ____________
buccal; mental
opposite of cranial
caudal
rank the following terms from simplest to most complex
cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism
the anatomical term for head is _______________
cephalic
sternal is to sternum as pectoral is to
chest
appendicular region
composed of the upper and lower limbs
the components associated with the homeostatic system are which choices
control center effector receptor
The ___________ plane would divide the chest from the back?
coronal
The visceral pleura _____________.
covers the external surface of the lungs
the anatomical term for hip is __________
coxal
A cavity that is formed by the bones of the cranium, and also goes by the name endocranium. This cavity houses the brain
cranial cavity
The posterior aspect of the axial region (contains the head, neck, chest and trunk) of the body contains the _________
cranial cavity and vertebral canal
opposite of superficial
deep
peritoneum
digestive organs
opposite of ventral
dorsal
Cranial is to skull as auricular is to
ear
vertebral is to spinal column as olecranal is to
elbow
physiology
examines how the muscles of the small intestine propel food through the digestive tract
The anatomical term for the lateral aspect of the lower leg is _______ region
fibular
urinary system
filters the blood and removes waste from the blood
anterior
front of the body
the anatomical term for forehead
frontal
reproductive physiology
gamete production and related hormones and physiologic cycles
___________ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy
gross
__________ describes the investigation of the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye?
gross anatomy
an increase in body size is ________ and an increased specialization as related to form and function is _________.
growth; development
The anatomical term for the great toe is __________
hallux
lumbar is to lower back as manus is to
hand
pericardium
heart
superior
higher on the body, nearer to the head
the anatomical term coxal refers to the ___________.
hip
axial region
includes the head, neck, and trunk; it forms the main vertical axis of the body
the anatomical term describing the groin is _____________.
inguinal
inferior
lower on body, farther from head
the anatomical term for lower back is
lumbar
pleura
lungs
the correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the midline of the body" is ____________.
medial
A __________ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves
midsagittal
cardiovascular system
moves blood containing hormones, nutrients and gases
the plane known as the ______________ plane passes through the specimen at an angle
oblique
Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a _________ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a ___________ layer covers the external surface of organs
parietal visceral
lymphatic system
participates in immune response
the anatomical term for kneecap is __________.
patellar
the anatomical term for chest is __________
pectoral
the anatomical term for the diamond-shaped region between the thighs that contains the anus and selected external reproductive organs is ___________.
perineal
a serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is called the _________.
peritoneum
the anatomical term for the entire foot is __________.
pes
the anatomical term for fingers or toes is ____________.
phalange
scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions change with diseases are called__________.
physiologists
study the function of body parts
physiologists
describes the mechanisms by which different nutrients are broken down
physiology
The anatomical term for the thumb is the
pollex
the anatomical term for the area posterior to the knee is _____________.
popliteal
opposite of distal
proximal
the production of sex cells that, under the right conditions, have the ability to develop into a new living organism is __________.
reproduction
respiratory system
responsible for exchange of gases
when an organism senses and reacts to changes in their internal or external environments, this is an example of ___________.
responsiveness
the anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is __________.
sacral
endocrine system
secretes hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in blood
cephalic is to head as deltoid is to ________
shoulder
anatomy is the study of what?
structure and form
anatomy
studies the small intestine including its relationship to the rest of the body
the anatomical term for the calf area is __________.
sural
the anatomical term for ankle is ____________.
tarsal
______________ is an accurate description of the anatomic position?
the eyes look forward, and the head is level
cardiovascular physiology
the function of the heart, blood and blood vessels are examined
Fibular refers to ___________
the lateral aspect of the leg
histology refers to ________.
the study of tissues
the heart and the lungs are organs in the _________ cavity
thoracic
The anatomical term for the medial aspect of the leg, between the knee and the ankle is
tibial
the word anatomy is derived from the Greek work anatome, which could be described by which of the following?
to dissect, to cut apart
posterior
toward the back of the body
A __________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts
transverse
true or false: Anatomists and physiologists use the scientific method to explain and understand the workings of the body
true
true or false: Physiology focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work
true
true or false: although there is only one midsagittal plane, an infinite number of sagittal planes are possible
true
The anatomical term for the medial aspect of the forearm is _________
ulnar
The anatomical term for navel is
umbilical
The ______________ is the central point when the abdomen is divided into four quadrants
umbilicus
Cavity that is formed by the bones of the vertebral column. This canal houses the spinal cord.
vertebral
The __________ canal contains the spinal cord
vertebral
the ___________ covers the surfaces of most digestive organs
visceral peritoneum
