biopsych lab final exam 4

Beta Frequency

13-30 Hz

Gamma frequency

30 Hz

Theta Frequency

4-8 Hz

Alpha Frequency

8-13 Hz

Delta Frequency

<4 Hz

Rhythmic Mid-Temporal Theta of Drowisness

A variant pattern consisting of rhythmic, notched theta that appears in the temporal regions during drowsiness. Also called psychomotor variant or rhythmic temporal theta bursts of drowsiness.

a steady series of brain waves at a frequency of 8 to 13 per second that are characteristic of relaxation

Alpha Waves

present when one begins a stage of relaxation

Alpha Waves

waves in state of relaxation

Alpha waves

Increase during difficult mental activities requiring concentration

Delta waves

the ___ is comprised of the summed activity of thousands (or millions) of neurons

EEG

to get rhythm (delta ...) many neurons must be firing together - synchronization. the higher the amplitude of the ___, the more synchronization

EEG

who was the first person to record an EEG from the scalp of a human.

Hans Berger

Alpha rhythm that appears with eyes open. Usually occurs in a drowsy, relaxed state.

Paradoxical alpha

The frequency of a sound wave -- the number of cycles per second -- is most related to which psychological aspect of sound?

Pitch

In the gustatory (taste) system, which of the following is an example of adaptation?

Soaking the tongue in a sweet solution results in another sweet solution tasting less intense than normal.

brief intervals during emotional responses to frustrating events or situations

Theta waves

When a person looks at a large letter H made up of small B's and is asked to identify the large letter,

activity increases in the right hemisphere.

Bill is awake, but he is resting with his eyes closed. The EEG rhythm associated with this is called

alpha

what did Berger call the slower waves

alpha

If engaged in mental task, ___ tends to disappear

alpha wave (alpha blockade)

When subject opens their eyes and are attentive to external stimuli their amplitudes of ___ diminishes

alpha waves

___ amplitudes are likely to be higher in "outgoing" subjects

alpha waves

___ amplitudes vary with a subject's attention to mental tasks performed with the eyes closed

alpha waves

females tend to have higher mean frequencies of ___ than males

alpha waves

what is most often observed when resting quietly with eyes closed

alpha waves

two measurable characteristics of EEG

amplitude and frequency

The author of the textbook uses an analogy of ringing bells in a bakery as a way to illustrate

different ideas of how our sensory systems code information.

To illustrate that the right hemisphere is dominant for recognizing emotions, Levy did a study (described in the book) using

photographs altered so that half the face was smiling and half was neutral.

where should the electrodes be placed for the EEG to measure the differences in electrical potential (voltage).

place the vin + about 2" above the ear and about 2" back. place the vin - about 2' behind the ear and down. place the ground behind the ear on the skin. all on the same side of head.

EDA use

positive and negative affect signal detection classical conditioning

The term "lateralization," as applied to the brain, is used to indicate that

the two hemispheres of the brain are different in some way.

What waves will occur for brief intervals during emotional responses to frustrating events or situations

theta

Fred is asleep despite the brilliantly fascinating lecture by his biopsychology professor. Two types of EEG rhythms associated with Fred's state are

theta and delta

what is observed in stage 1 of sleep

theta waves

As people move from lighter to deeper stages of sleep (prior to REM sleep) the occurrence of alpha waves diminishes and is gradually replaced by the lower frequency ___ and then ___ rhythms

theta; delta

According to Kalat (the textbook author), when a person states that he is "right-brained,"

this is based on at least one faulty assumption.

It is suggested that some sort of wrap, swim cap, etc. is used in this lab. This is done

to assist in holding the electrodes in place.

Not counting the reference electrode behind the ear, _____ EEG electrode(s) will be used today for each subject.

two

The two conditions in which EEG will be recorded in today's lab are

with the subject's eyes opened and closed

measure of physiological response

dependent variable

psychophysiology

the study of the relationship between physiological and psychological phenomena. the way in which the mind and body interact.

EEG measures the rhythm that is generated by

the thalamus, interneurons within cortex, pyramidal cells themselves

what is observed in deep sleep

delta waves

what would you find when you measure the standard deviation of the EEG as a measure of amplitude

*the larger the wave amplitude, the more variability from the mean voltage *the more variability from the mean voltage, the higher the standard deviation *therefore, larger the wave amplitude, the larger the standard deviation

Which of the following statements about EEG is true?

Arousal of the cortex results in what is called desynchronization or alpha block.

what frequency shows less electrical activity and why

Beta; because the positive and negative activities are starting to counterbalance.

The equipment we will be using today is made by

Biopac.

___ and ___ rhythms have low-frequency EEG patterns

delta: theta

Sharon insisted that Tom look at her papillae. He obliged, and looked

at her tongue.

___ occurs in deep REM sleep

beta

___ wave represents arousal of the cortex to a higher state of alertness or tension

beta

desynchronization or alpha block occurs in which frequency

beta

what did Berger call the faster waves

beta

what frequency is associated with remembering or retrieving memories

beta

___ occurs in individuals who ae alert and attentive to external stimuli or exert specific mental effort, or paradoxically

beta rhythms

what amplitude tends to be lower than alpha rhythms

beta rhythms

common when person is engaged in mental or physical activity

beta waves

what has small amplitude because neurons are not firing synchronously

beta waves

Susan is awake and alert and is paying attention to the brilliantly fascinating lecture by her biopsychology professor. The brain rhythm associated with this is

beta.

EEG records from the ___

brain surface

what are some of the uses for electromyogram (EMG)

cognitive activities and emotions on the face

In the reading in the Kalat book, the author notes that _____ has been done as a treatment for epilepsy.

cutting the corpus callosum

Absence of electrical activity in the brain signifies

death.

what waves may increase during difficult mental activities requiring concentration

delta

EEG patterns that increase during sleep in the normal adult

delta and theta rhythms

The frequency theory and the place theory both are principles used to explain our ability to

distinguish between sounds of different frequencies.

electrical signals of an EEG must pass through

dura matter, fluid, skull, skin

The skin conductance response

electrodermal response (EDA)

the phenomenon that the skin momentarily becomes a better conductor of electricity when either external or internal stimuli occur that are physiologically arousing.

electrodermal response (EDA)

what measures the amount of sweating of hands. sweating results in a decrease in skin's electrical resistance. ___ can measure this as a voltage

electrodermal response (EDA)

This activity shows up as wavy lines on an ___ recording.

electroencephalogram (EEG)

___ is spontaneous activity of neurons in the brain, mainly from the surface

electroencephalogram (EEG)

a test that detects electrical activity in your brain using small, flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to your scalp. Your brain cells communicate via electrical impulses and are active all the time, even when you're asleep.

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Nerve conduction studies measure how well and how fast the nerves can send electrical signals.

electromyogram (EMG)

Nerves control the muscles in the body with electrical signals called impulses

electromyogram (EMG)

The surface ___ represents the summed population response of muscle action potentials

electromyogram (EMG)

What would you use to measure a muscle contracting with increasing force, both an increase in the firing rate of motor units and the recruitment of additional motor units are involved

electromyogram (EMG)

graph reads, squiggle lines that start small and continue to get larger as the grip gets stronger. what would you use to measure this

electromyogram (EMG)

measures the electrical activity of muscles at rest and during contraction.

electromyogram (EMG)

what measures the muscle action potentials, that occurs before the actual contraction of muscle

electromyogram (EMG)

Although for a long time it was known there are _____ basic tastes, evidence suggests there is a _____ taste called umami.

four; fifth

The two measures of EEG waves that are discussed in the introduction to this exercise are

frequency and amplitude

EDA was called

galvanic skin response (GSR)

When a split-brain subject briefly views visual stimuli, information in the right visual field

goes mainly to the left hemisphere of the brain.

The author of the textbook suggests that very young children are worse than older children and adults at using an Etch-a-Sketch (which involves integrating the actions of the two hands) because a very young child

has less communication between the two hemispheres.

Supertasters are people who

have increased sensitivity to tastes.

some manipulation (difficulty of task, emotional content of slides)

independent variable

In the book, a woman is described who has trouble pouring coffee and crossing a street because she

is motion blind.

The term "planum temporale" is mentioned in the Kalat reading because

it is a brain structure that is larger in the left hemisphere in most people.

Differences between the two ears in the intensity of a sound and differences in the arrival time of a sound help us to

localize the source of a sound.

During REM sleep, the EEG shows:

low-voltage fast waves

Alpha wave of the greatest amplitudes are recorded form the

occipital and parietal regions of the cerebral cortes

Prosopagnosia is the inability to

recognize faces.

Alpha waves are characteristic of what type of activity?

relaxed wakefulness

Delta and theta waves are characteristic of what type of activity?

seep sleep

some examples of EEG use

sleep, hemispheric asymmetries, vigilance and signal detection

In rabbits and other animals with their eyes on the sides of their heads,

the left eye connects to the right hemisphere and the right eye connects to the left hemisphere.

For the majority of people,

the left hemisphere is dominant for speech.