BSC CH.1 HOMEWORK

How can feeding antibiotics to cows promote the evolution of antibiotic resistance?

Any bacterial population will have random mutations that confer antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics exert selective pressure, allowing more resistant bacteria to survive and reproduce than nonresistant bacteria.

As organisms interact with the environment, _____ cycle with an ecosystem while _____ flows one way from sunlight -> chemical energy -> heat.

Chemical Nutrients and Energy

Imagine that your car is stalled and will not start. If you add gasoline to the tank to see if that helps, which step of the scientific method are you performing?

Experiment

You make one batch of cookies with regular flour and another with cake flour.

Experiment

Which three statements are supported by the data in the graph?

Non-heart attack patient would have nearly 3g of trans fats in 200 g of adipose tissue, on average. 1.77% of the total fat in heart attack patients is trans fats. Heart attack patients have higher levels of trans fats in their adipose tissue than non-heart attack patients.

Imagine a human-made object that can assemble identical copies of itself, process energy, and adjust its internal environment to external changes. Is this hypothetical object an example of life?

Not necessarily, because although it exhibits most of the properties of living organisms, it does not exhibit all seven of the properties of life.

When nutrients were added to the soil, the plants grew taller

Observation

You like some chocolate chip cookie recipes better than others.

Observation

In ecosystems, some energy becomes heat, which is then lost.

Pathways that transform energy and matter

If nutrients are added to the soil, then plant growth will increase.

Prediction

Can soil nutrients limit plant growth?

Question

Does the type of flour you use make a difference?

Question

The indentations of red blood cells increase the surface area through which oxygen can diffuse.

Relationship of structure to function

Using cake flour makes the cookies soft, which you prefer.

Results

Which of these is a key feature of the scientific method?

Scientific hypotheses must be testable.

Life's basic unit of _______ is the cell, which occurs in the two basic forms -- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

Structure and Function

In the essay, the point is made that perhaps the environment of the children has already guided their preferences in toys BEFORE the experiment was conducted. Given the choices below, what is the earliest age at which environment could potentially shape the preferences of a child?

at age 3 or 4, when children are dressed in gender-specific clothing

A(n) ______________ differs from the control group by the one variable that is being tested in the experiment.

experimental group

What mechanism explains why polar bears are white and bears found farther south have a darker color?

natural selection

Which of the following lists the steps of the scientific method in their proper order?

observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment

Which of these are examples of activities in the exploration phase?

observing and recording information looking up information in journals and books formulating questions about observations

Which of the following is an example of discovery science?

observing what other students in your class are wearing

There is (are) _____ eukaryotic domain(s).

one

In 2017, NASA announced that _______ is the most likely place in our solar system to find extraterrestrial life, due to its abundant water and geothermal activity.

one of Saturn's moons, Enceladus

Most plants are __________.

producers

Scientists use a general process known as ___________ to ask and answer questions about nature.

scientific inquiry

Which of the following is an example of hypothesis-driven science?

testing whether or not dead batteries are preventing a TV remote from working

In the essay, the point is made that the right questions must be asked when designing an experiment that measures how genetics and environment "shape who we are." Which of the following measurements is probably the least valuable in such an experiment?

the average lifespan

Over many generations, bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics will thrive in greater and greater numbers.

Evolution

How many variables should there be in a well-designed experiment?

1

Fraternal twins share _____ of the same genes, while identical twins share _____ of the same genes.

50% on average; 100%

Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.

Bacteria and Archaea

The scientific study of life, called ___________ , can be organized around several themes.

Biology

_______________ uses ''if . . . then'' logic to proceed from a general hypothesis to specific predictions of results that can be expected if the general premise is true.

Deductive reasoning

In a 2015 investigation, researchers from the University of Central Florida learned that baby green sea turtles move slowly (averaging only 0.4 miles per hour). What did they conclude from this investigation?

Despite longstanding assumptions by marine biologists, very young sea turtles travel by swimming, not just drifting.

As the biological hierarchy builds from molecules on up to ecosystem, each level has ______ that result from interactions among component parts.

Emergent Properties

Fungi are classified into which Domain?

Eukarya

A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.

Eukarya ... Animalia

A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.

Eukarya ... Plantae

Which Domain(s) includes unicellular orgainsms?

Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria

According to the core theme of _________ , all of life is related by common descent.

Evolution

Even though biology is a broad field of study, __________ serves as a central theme that unifies all of biology.

Evolution

Cake flour works better than regular flour.

Hypothesis

Plants grow better when they are supplied with more nutrients

Hypothesis

As every multicellular organism develops from an embryo, communication between cells enables the overall body plan to take shape in an organized fashion

Information Flow

Bleached coral fails to support other life that typically grows on and around the coral reef.

Interactions within biological systems

Which of these is an ecosystem?

Lake Erie and everything living in it

Life has diversified as ______ has led to the gradual accumulation of adaptations that fit populations to the environment.

Natural Selection

How does the level of trans fats in non-heart attack patients compare to the level of trans fats in heart attack patients?

The trans fats level in non-heart attack patients is 84% of the level in heart attack patients.

What was an important limitation in the experiments shown in the video?

There were too few subjects. In other words, the sample size was too small.

The scientific method is a process that is used by everyone in their daily lives, not just by scientists in a research lab. Which of the following scenarios describe people using steps of the scientific method? Select all that apply.

While trying to figure out why her smartphone keeps turning off after she dropped it, Jocelyn predicts that the battery is loose inside the case. Miguel's car doesn't start in the morning, so he methodically checks one possible component at a time to try to figure out why his car will not start. In order to determine what type of fertilizer works best for growing flowers on his balcony, Joe plants flowers in three pots with three different types of fertilizes and measures their growth over time. Sarah observes that a specific type of ant keeps showing up in her kitchen, which leads her to wonder what the ant is attracted to.

Which of these is a prokaryotic cell?

a bacterial cell

Which of the following best describes a theory?

a comprehensive explanation of natural phenomena supported by abundant evidence

The ________ is the smallest unit that can display all the characteristics of life.

cell

Which of the following experiments would provide the best data for determining the effect of genetics?

comparing identical twins raised in the same environment with fraternal twins raised in the same environment

Which of the following experiments would provide the best data for determining the effect of environment?

comparing identical twins raised in the same environment with identical twins raised in different environments

A(n) __________ in an experiment yields data against which other groups are compared.

control group

A(n) _________ involves both an experimental group and a control group, which are alike except for the one variable that the experiment is designed to test.

controlled experiment

A hypothesis must be testable and ____________ --there must be some observation or experiment that could show that it is not true.

falsifiable

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in hospital settings indicates that __________.

heritable variations already existed among individuals within the population

A(n) ________ is a proposed, testable explanation for an observation.

hypothesis

A(n) _____________ is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. It leads to predictions that can be tested by additional observations or by experiments.

hypothesis

A(n) _____________ is a testable explanation for an observation

hypothesis

What name is given to a proposed explanation for a set of observations?

hypothesis

Using a type of logic known as _______________ , a generalized conclusion can often be drawn from a large number of specific observations.

inductive reasoning

Which of these scenarios is the result of natural selection?

the proliferation of pesticide-resistant insects

A(n) _________ is broader in scope than a hypothesis, is supported by a large body of evidence, and generates many new hypotheses.

theory

A(n) __________ is a factor that changes during an experiment.

variable