Music 204-- Final Exam
Mainstream Jazz
(1950s) music performed by a large group of soloists outside the Dixieland and modern jazz camps, mostly Swing Era,-- holdovers, who enjoyed fairly broad public acceptance (Ex. Holiday, Fitzgerald, Goodman, Young, Tatum Hawkins)
Gertrude's Bounce
- Clifford Brown-Max Roach Quintet - Richie Powell: Piano - Sonny Rollins: Tenor Sax - Hard Bop Intro is west coast cold jazz style, surges with energy and swings hard on the unison head
Cannonball Adderley
- Hard bop - alto sax - soul jazz High school band teacher that got his break at cafe bohemia "The new bird"
Chet Baker
Acclaimed trumpeter and heroin addict from the west that played with mulligan and then teamed up with pianist Russ Freeman
Malcom X
African-American civil rights leader who encouraged violent responses to racial discrimination and was Nation of Islam-- did not want to integrate, but be independent Eventually led to Stokely Carmichael to promote "Black Power" and violence
Characteristics of Hard Bop
Aggressive manner of expression emphatic rhythms, blunt articulations, strong accents hard swinging rhythmic sense drummers assume prominent role bluesy expressiveness on both melody and chordal instruments gospel related chord progressions catchier
Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Big Band
An influential big band associated primarily with the 1960's was the Mel Lewis (drummer) Thad Jones (trumpet)
This songwriter had a powerful influence on the emergence of bossa nova:
Antonio Carlos Jobim
What are considered the First Bop Recordings?
Apollo Recordings (Coleman Hawkins, feature Gillespie)... what led after that was the 1945 Gillespie-Parker recordings
or forty years this drummer led a band called the Jazz Messengers, a revolving conservatory for young players that helped to launch the careers of many eminent soloists?
Art Blakey
Voice of AMerica
1948; This government agency was created to make radio (and later TV) broadcasts of news and entertainment into foreign countries, especially into those controlled by communists.
Acid Jazz
90s stylistic blend drawing upon soul jazz, brazilian rhythms, hip-hop, world music, and acid house dance beats
What is considered Coltrane's greatest ablum?
A Love Supreme-- his album dedicated to God (resolution being a part of it)
Return to Forever
A band based on scientologist (chick corea)
Mambo
A hot, energetic cuban dance that became popular in the 40s
Psychedelic Rock
A style of rock music of the late 1960s having a prominent repetitive beat and lyrics that suggest mind altering experience of taking LSD
Energy jazz
A subcategory of free jazz that emphasizes speed, rhythmic intensity, and expressive passion
Which of the following is true of much free jazz of the 1980s? It became just as popular among fans as neo-bop Like ragtime in the 1920s, it died as a viable, active force in jazz It became more abstract, exploring the limits of expressionistic angst It assumed a friendlier character, incorporating elements of postbop, fusion, and other familiar idioms None of the above
It assumed a friendlier character, incorporating elements of postbop, fusion, and other familiar idioms
Frank Sinatra
Italian Immigrant from New Jersey that became a teen idol with his operatic/jazz phrasing... became an acting success ... signed with Capitol Records (where his jazzy self was produced) and then went to las Vegas "The rat pack" where he produced a pure romantic fantasy
Dizzy Gillespie
Jazz Trumpeter that helped develop bebop fully... though he was a virtuoso, he loved vaudeville like armstrong... became good friends with saxophonist charlie parker when touring with Earl Hines.. then back to 52nd street (Three Dueces)
Critics in the 50s
Jazz: its evolution and essence Hear me Talkin' to ya: the story of jazz as told by the men who made it
Woman's Got Soul
Joe Williams with the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Orchestra Composer: Curtis Mayfield Style: Shuffle Style: soulful Sympathetic solo obbligatos in the background
Last Great Jazz innovator?
John Coltrane
Giant Steps
John Coltrane Form: AA' Style: Hard Bop Extremely fast with busy chord progressions Bass line rises in alternating minor thirds and perfect fourths, lots of key changes Cross instrumental influences "SHEETS OF SOUND" approach piano- tommy flanagan
Resolution
John Coltrane Quartet Composer: Coltrane Form: 8 bar (minor) blues Style: Postbop/modal jazz john coltrane- tenor sax mcCoy tyner- piano jimmy garrison- bass elvin jones - drums * hard swinging composition bass does double stops lots of tension-building devices Hemiola (two against three rhythmic pattern) second chorus, coltrane plays outside figures
Stan Getz
Joined Charlie Bird.... was a famous tenor saxophonist, created Jazz Samba had problems with heroin, but got back into it and made cuban/bossa nova music big
Charlie Parker
KC Boy who played the alto sax like crazy- and drugs Gillespie's friend (toured with Hines) Particularly good with Formulaic improvisation and quotations
In which important jazz city did Charlie Parker grow up?
Kansas City
The area in East Greenwich Village that supported alternative Jazz
Knitting Factory
IMportant center of modern big band developments?
LA Woody Herman organized an exciting, brass-heavy group Pianist STan Kenton (Big band plus modern developments in both jazz and classical realms)
Father of Fusion
Larry Coryell
By the late 1960s the most important urban center for male jazz singers was:
Las vegas
What recording officially launched the fusion movement?
Bitches Brew
WHo was the world Saxophone quartet's most illustrious soloist?
David Murray
A dramatic event in the rise of neo-bop was the celebrated "homecoming" engagement at the Village Vanguard by this veteran bebop tenor player:
Dexter Gordon
The Modern Jazz Quartet got its start as the rhythm section for the big band of which famous jazz musician?
Dizzy gillespie
Coleman's Classic Quartet
Don Cherry (trumpet) Billy Higgins (drummer) Charlie Haden (bass) PIANOLESS
Yes I Can, No You Can't" features a __________ beat, a loping dance rhythm based on straight eighth notes and their sixteenth-note subdivisions.
Booglaoo
In the 1960s the concept of "mainstream jazz" was broadened to include players in the ___________ idiom.
Bop
Joe Williams
Built his styles on Blues ... joined Count Basie and was his singer Rich , full-throated bass sang with the blues Charismatic and warm
Father of Modern Jazz Guitar
Charlie Christian... electric guitar and anticipated bebop with his long, flowing lines and chromatically embellished melodies (Goodman)
What city emerged as a major jazz center in the 60s?
Chicago! hasn't been since the 20s
500 Miles High
Chick Corea and Return to Forever Composer: Corea-Potter Form: Binary AB Style: Fusion
New Left
Coalition of younger members of the Democratic party and radical student groups. Believed in participatory democracy, free speech, civil rights and racial brotherhood, and opposed the war in Vietnam "Free Speech Movement" by campus demonstrations
Heads
Combined new melodies with familiar chord progressions
Bebop main characteristics
Combo instrumentation (usually 2 horns and a rhythm section) Simple arrgnts. a succession of improv solos between opening and closing statements of the melody intricate melodies played in unison or octaves by the front line horn players Higher levels of dissonance (more so than swing) REALLY fast tempos or extensive double-time during slow and medium tempos Dazzling virtuoso solos Little vibrato in sound of horns Unstable features in general
Boogie Stop Shuffle
Composer: Charles Mingus Style: Hard Bop Form: 12 bar (minor) blues Head unfolds in five stages Recorded as part of the famous album of "mingus Al um" - percussive attacks, bluesy expressiveness, and brings back plungers and "wah wahs'
Dave Brubeck
Cool sounding pianist in San Francisco who was originally a rancher and studied classical composition ... eventually made smaller groups and became famous with his classic quartet (featuring alto sax paul desmond)
Which prominent cool jazz musician had his picture on the cover of Time magazine 1954?
Dave Brubeck
Perhaps more than any other, this record label anticipated the freewheeling international eclecticism of the 1990s:
ECM
The end of the Cold War and the fall of communism decreased the role and influence of non-Americans in jazz. - T/F?
False
Samba
Fast Brazilian dance with African influences Duple meter and straight eighth notes used especially during carnival season
Simultaneous with the rise of the civil rights movement, a new form of black jazz emerged—an intense, caustic idiom known as
Free Jazz
Ornette Coleman
Free Jazz with the alto sax who didn't play on the chord changes, but on the inspiration and feeling of the song... improvising variations on the melody and changed tonal centers frequently
Freudianism
Freud's notion that human behavior is the product of the conflict between an individual's Id, Ego, and Superego (Subconscious)
What was Miles Davis's first quintet?
Garland, Chambers, Jones
Which player from birth of the cool organized a successful pianoless quarter in los angeles?
Gerry Mulligan
Gloria's Step
Group: Bill Evans Trio Composer: Scott LaFaro Style: Moderate free jazz Form: AAB (20 measures, 5, 5, and 10) Trio = Evans (Piano), LaFaro (bass), Motian (drums)
Tales (8 Whisps)
Group: Cecil Taylor Unit Composer: Taylor Form: 8 units that vary Unit 1: ABA' Unit 4: binary C C' -- also establishes a sense of pulse, tempo and even meter here Style: Free Jazz prickly characteristics: Atonality, no meter, abstract melodic patterns BUT it does have elegant shape and rhetorical intensity Has 8 sections divided into units and differ in speed, character, duration and instrumentation CRAZY virtuosity in Unit 6
"Parker's Mood"
Group: Charlie Parker All Stars Composer: Parker Style: blues mixed with modern jazz Stylistic Features: dual purpose intro/coda Motivic development
"Bernie's Tune"
Group: Gerry Mulligan Quartet Genre: Cool Jazz Stylistic Features: Absence of piano, stop and start, minor key in the a sections
Gingerbread Boy
Group: Miles Davis Quintet Composer: Heath Style: postbop Form: 12 bar blues Davis= trumpet, hancock=piano (plays outside from time to time), ron carter=bass, Wayne Shorter=tenor sax Tony Williams=drums
So What
Group: Miles Davis Sextet composed: probs Gil Evans Harmonic structure: modal Form: AABA piano and horns play bouncy minor bass line in call and response fashion Piano = preacher horns = congregation "Amen"
"Concorde"
Group: Modern Jazz Quartet Composer: Lewis Style: cool jazz Form: fugue Subject intro Bass -- piano-- vibes -- bass
Lonely Woman
Group: Ornette Coleman Quartet Composer: Coleman Form: AABA Style: free jazz Charlie Haden (bass), Geri Allen (piano), Higgins (drums)
First american jazz musician to experiment with Bossa NOva
Guitarist Charlie Bird -- created Jazz Samba with Stan Getz
Monroe's Uptown House
Harlem jazz session "after hours" where bebop was born
Thelonious Monk
He creates new harmonic language and innovated rhythms gets back int eh game when he makes a record label with Riverside
This fusion band, led by Herbie Hancock, was one of the first to successfully wed jazz (improvisation) and funk:
Headhunters
Founding Fathers of Hot Jazz
Horace Silver (blues infected piano style) Art Blakey (explosive drummer.... got back to his roots after traveling to West Africa) created a quintet together "The Jazz Messengers (Blakey eventually would take over)q
John Coltrane's principal record label in the 1960s was a new label dedicated to promoting avant-garde musicians:
Impulse!
Mahavishnu Orchestra
Sound often characterized by rapid unison ensemble passages and used synthesizers made by mclaughlin
Historical Context in the 60s
Southern manifesto (right of states to refuse to integrate schools) Sit ins Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)... wanted to free transportation of segregation) leading to Freedom rides March on Washington with Martin Luther King Jr. Civil Rights Act of 1964 which banned discrimination Vietname war (drafted 30% blacks and 18% whites)
Girl from Ipanema
Stan Getz-Joao Gilberto Composer: Jobim Form: AABA Style: Fusion jazz/ Bossa Nova Singer: Astrud Gilberto Deeply felt lyricism... triadic extensions
Who called their music "Progressive Jazz"
Stan Kenton
In their fusion bands Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea often used stacks of electronic keyboards known as
Synthesizers
The big band revival of the sixties was launched by the ___________ big band.
Thad Jones-Mel Lewis
Ornette Coleman and Cecil Taylor both made their public debuts at this New York club:
The Five Spot
The most eclectic and experimental players of the 1990s often performed at this Greenwich Village club owned by Michael Dorf:
The Knitting Factory
Road Time Shuffle
The Toshiko Akiyoshi-Lew Tabackin Big Band Composed: Akiyoshi Form: ABAC Style: Modern Big Band; shuffle ** includes her japanese heritage Big Band trumper players have a greater range and power Shuffle: state the swing eighth notes continuously-- piano and trombones articulate this rhythm
Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of postmodern music? The prizing of innovation for its own sake The free interplay of traditions from various world cultures Blurred boundaries between "high" and "low" styles An emphasis on fragmentation and discontinuity A self-conscious appropriation and reinterpretation of past styles
The prizing of innovation for its own sake
In the late fifties John Coltrane apprenticed as a sideman with Miles Davis and
Thelonious Monk
"500 Miles High" and "Birdland" resemble many fusion recordings in their abandonment of traditional forms.
True
Cannonball Adderley was a leading player of the ____________ movement:
True
Quartal Harmony
Use of harmony built on the interval of the fourth
During the Cold War the United States government used this radio program to disseminate jazz and other American cultural values:
Voice of America
Jazz at the Philharmonic
Wanted to reserve jazz in its authentic, unvarnished, improv state
Birdland
Weather Report Zawinul Form: 4 sections A B C D (C main melody) Style: Fusion
State Department Tours
Where Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong and Goodman made presentations and were commissioned by the US government to be emissaries
Henry Threadgill
Woodwind player from chicago liked to focus more on expressiveness
BLACK ARTISTS GROUP led to
World Saxophone Group which was the foremost chamber group in jazz Played a lot of Main stream jazz and R&B David Murray was the known soloist
By the 1980s this band "had established [itself] as the foremost chamber group in jazz by virtually unanimous critical acclaim." Henry Threadgill Sextet Steps Ahead World Saxophone Quartet Pat Metheny Group Prime Time
World Saxophone Quartet
Skain's Domain
Wynton Marsalis Form: 27 measure chorus structure Style: Neo-bop/modal jazz
Leader of Traditionalists
Wynton Marsalis "young lions" Raised in enw orleads and played trumpet... hated fuzed =jazz
Minton's playhouse
a Harlem jam session spot where bebop was founded and before Jazz moved from Harlem
Repertory orchestras
a band that performs the music of historical ensembles, often from parts painstakingly transcribed from recordings
Birdland (club)
a famous new york jazz club that opened in Charlie Parker's honor ... mecca for modern jazz
Modal Jazz
a jazz style in which the soloists base their solos on modes/scales instead of the chord progressions
Boogaloo
a loose movement, mostly using the hips and legs, giving the illusion that a dancer has no bones A black adaption of the Latin bugalu, a fad dance of the 60s
Existentialism
a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.
Blue Note
a record label that epitomized hard bop in the 50s and 60s
Reissue
a recording that makes newly available the music of an old, often classic recording
Bossa Nova
a slowed down samba with cool jazz harmonies and romantic lyrics
World Fusion
a stylistic blend of jazz and musical traditions from outside the US
Dropping Bombs
a technique devised in bebop in which the bass drum or snare plays strong, unpredictable accents
atonality
no specific key or tonality
Miles Davis's album Birth of the Cool features the instrumentation of a:
nonet
Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM)
nonprofit that helped musicians Inspired by Sun Ra and the Experimental Band (muhal)
Muhal Richard Abrams
organized an Experimental Band to explore ideas
"First Bop Big Band"
organized by Billy Eckstine
Bill Evans
pianist on "Kind of Blue" - led interactive trio and created secundal harmony classical drifting into jazz (like debussy and ravel) refracting harmonies diluted t g fhe tonality in a controlled way without destroying it
Lennie Tristano
piano, cool jazz.... nurtured a conception of bebop based on the classical virtues of controlled execution, purity of tone and subdued rhythmic accents
Ghost bands
played music of the deceased swing legends in vintage style
Sun Ra
played piano and arranged for Henderson and his big band played electric piano booming a pioneer for that instrument ... created a band called Myth-science Arkestra based upon ancient Egyptian black history and science fiction... was more for the peace-love than violence
Claude Thornhill
progressive band leader that became a model for cool ensembles and loved Claude Debussy
AFM Recording ban
reason for loss of big bands' loss of popularity... American Federation of Musicians wanted to make the three big record companies pay into a union fund for unemployed musicians
cabaret card
required for performers seeking work in New York establishments where alcohol was served
VSOP Quintet
sidement of mIles Davis that got together to play postbop tradiiton in the 60s while in the 70s
Vocalese
singing newly invented lyrics to the notes of a recorded instrumental solo, usually in the bebop idiom
Bebop Pianists
sporadic rhythmic accents
Soul Jazz
strong backbeat, aggressive urban sound, simple chords, shorter solos, and clear rhythm (came to prominence in the late 1950s) spoke for black culture and values with unabashed directness subcategory of Hard bop.... fused modern jazz with popular idioms of the blues, gospel, and soul
Fusion Jazz
style that combines jazz improvisation with amplified instruments of rock and funk that became popular in the 70s
Characteristics of Cool Jazz
subdued rhythms, soft articulations, muted accents lyrical melodies "pastel" ensemble soft dynamics (drummers would use brushes instead of sticks) greater emphasis on arrangements clarity of tone and attack (classically inspired) ... grace under pressure
Sonny Rollins
tenor sax-- wanted to lead the life of Clifford Brown. Liked to use motives for his basis of improvs
John Coltrane
Leading tenor sax in 60s Last great jazz innovator Three career periods: Chordal Period: up to 1960 Postbop/modal period: 60-65 atonal period: 65 to 67 Hired by both Gillespie and Johnny Hodges, but got fired from both for his drug and alcohol problem.... played in R&B Bands, then hired by Davis and then-- fired. Had an "encounter with God" when quitting cold turkey and joined the "force that is truly good" Joined Monk... then back to Davis LONG SOLOS -- Had Dolphy join him and got called "anti jazz" eventually led to Radical free jazz
Who is considered the quintessential hardbopper?
Lee Morgan
Yes I can, No you Cant
Lee Morgan Form: 24 bar blues Style: (soul jazz)-- Boogaloo Beat ** lee does a 'talking' solo Tenor Sax = wayne shorter pianist = harold mabern bass = bob cranshaw drums= billy higgins
L's Bop
Lenny WHite, et al. Form: AAB (5/4 turnaround and 4/4 break) Style: New bop White (drummer)
Pat Metheny's main collaborator
Lyle Mays (pianist)
The pianist in John Coltrane's classic quartet was:
McCoy Tyner
John Coltrane's "classic quartet"
McCoy Tyner = piano Jimmy Garrison = bass Elvin Jones = drums
One of the most impressive early manifestations of neo-bop was the all-too-brief career of the V.S.O.P. Quintet, which consisted of the sidemen from ___________, plus trumpeter Freddie Hubbard.
Miles Davis Second Quintet
The Meaning of the Blues/Lament
Miles Davis and Gil Evans Composed: Bobby Troup (The meaning of blues) // JJ Johnson (Lament) -- Combines the two together Style: ballad Form: ABAC (blues)// ABA'B' (Lament) Davis plays the flugelhorn
Who spearheaded jazz-rock or fusion?
Miles davis
Miles Davis's first album to explore modal jazz was:
Milestones
Which of the following was Charlie Parker's main instrument?
alto sax
Which of the following is not a typical feature of hard bop? More intricate and complex heads than in bebop Gospel-related chord progressions and gestures Emphatic rhythms, strong accents Hard-swinging rhythmic sense Bluesy expressiveness
More intricate and complex heads than in bebop
Pat Metheny
Most original fusion artist of the 80s (guitar) who grew up in KC collaborator: lyle mays
Which of the following is not true of cool jazz? Mostly an East Coast phenomenon Two important pioneers were Miles Davis and Gerry Mulligan Subdued the rhythmic vitality of bebop Represented primarily by white musicians
Mostly an East Coast phenomenon
Substitution Chords
an alternate chord substituted for the standard chord of a piece
motivic improvisation
an approach to solo improvisation that involves developing a motive or group of motives into a larger statement
Postmodernism
an artistic movement that emerged in the 1960s in which all styles, from every time and place, were equally available and viable music was very collagey and interplayed with different traditions.. fragmented and borrowed styles
Synthesizers
an electronic musical instrument, typically operated by a keyboard, producing a wide variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequencies.
Hipster
an enlightened white person-- who had bohemian worldview and lifestyle of black jazz musicians
Free jazz
an improvised style of jazz characterized by the absence of set chord patterns, traditional melody, swing feel, tonality and time patterns
Earl "Bud" Powell
archetypal bebop pianist... offered a more comprehensible model for young players --- very erratic style (acclaimed recordings with his piano trio)-- Got cracked on the head by a policeman without his ID
Charles Mingus
bass/composer - used several eras; "organized chaos"; strong personality and created the Jazz Workshop where he brought back aural tradition and didn't write down notes to teach his band
This free jazz pioneer played alto saxophone, led a pianoless quartet, and had one of the least auspicious musical backgrounds of any prominent jazz musician: Anthony Braxton Muhal Richard Abrams Sun Ra Ornette Coleman Cecil Taylor
Ornette Coleman
Toshiko Akiyoshi
Pianist and composer with her husband Lew Tabackin (tenor sax) Created Toshiko Akiyoshi-Lew Tabackin Big Band -- Japanese Jazz artist and became a hit
"I Should Care"
Pianist: Thelonious Monk Composer: Weston-stordahl-cahn) Genre: Bebop piano Style: Ballad Form: ABAC Stabbing Chords that are clustered
The Weather Report
by Joe Zawinul used stacks of synthesizers and keyboards jaco pastorius
Third Stream
complete integration of improvised jazz and composed classical music
Long Playing Disc
contained 25 min. of recording on each side
Formulaic Improvisation
creating solos by manipulating, at the speed of thought, musical formulae or patterns that one has worked out and internalized
Before the 1960s the key ingredient in modern Latin jazz came from this Latin-American country:
cuba
Max Roach
drummer for Dizzy Gillespie dropped bombs (bop)
Kenny Clarke
drums bebop... started a new style that got him fired at first... broke up the symmetrical flow and played fills in between ensemble phrases
flatted fifth
flatted fifth note from the root favored by Thelonious Monk
Cubop
fusing bebop and Afro-cuban music together
Lifetime
fusion band that was really famous and put together by Tony Williams... power trio of high voltage music and british blues
Funky
gospel and blues soaked styles of jazz
Rehearsal Bands
got together and played for the sheer joy of it, didn't perform publicly, didn't record
Modern Jazz Quartet
group with a softer, cooler, more intellectual approach... they tried to be classy and wear suits and be on time Eventually took on the idea of creating jazz fugues
Emsemble to wed funk and jazz
headhunters (herbie hancock)
Quotation
in a solo, a reference to a well-known melody from the popular or classical repertoires
Smooth jazz
in the 1990s, an unobtrusive pop-oriented kind of fusion emphasizing flawless execution and glossy production values
Funk
in the 60s and 70s an intensely rhythmic brand of soul characterized by interlocking polyrhythms
Who was considered an "angry Tenor"
john coltrane
Village Vanguard
leading small venue for jazz in the 1950's (broadway, not 52nd street!) Bill Evans, Scott LaFaro and Paul Motian were mainstays there
Sarah Vaughan
most important jazz singer in the 1940s... aka Sassy or Divine One Focused more on what her voice could do than the words and message she could convey
Micahel Brecker
most influential tenor sax by the 1980s since john coltrane), inventive improv (postbop and fusion... contemporary bebop) only played with acoustic instruments Steps Ahead (Band)
The Sound of Jazz
most successful TV Special on Jazz (Robert Herridge)
One of the strongest influences on Joe Williams's vocal style growing up was
the blues
Triadic Extenstions
the interval of a 7th, 9th, 11th or 13th above the root of a chord
What is Impulse!?
the most important jazz record label of the 60s which would foster the avant garde especially
Neobop
the revival of hard bop and postbop by players after 1975
Secundal Harmony
the use of chords built on the interval of a second
Lee Morgan
trumpet, hard bop/Soul jazz trumpeter -- "The quintessential Hardbopper" Joined Art Blakey's jazz messengers where he became acclaimed... Eventually blended jazz with popular music
In the early 1960s conservative critics found fault with John Coltrane's improvised solos, particularly his tendency to
Play longer and longer solos
Music of the moderate free jazz is called?
Postbop
Identify the rhythm section for Miles Davis's first quintet: Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter, Tony Williams Bill Evans, Paul Chambers, James Cobb Red Garland, Paul Chambers, Philly Joe Jones Richie Powell, George Morrow, Max Roach
Red Garland, Paul Chambers, Philly Joe Jones
Miles Davis
Resented Armstrong for being a Dixieland Jazz... all for modern and meaningful jazz put together and devoted his time to cool jazz -- "Birth of the Cool" were his records Then after his conquering of heroin, he went over to hot jazz
St. Louis Trumpet Style
Restrained approach that was sweet and lyrically bent
MOst popular Latin Dance of the 30s?
Rhumba: a cuban dance
What happened in the mid 1940s?
SOLOISTS.. .no more big bands (Modern Jazz) Bebop Cool Jazz Hard Bop
Bill Evans Trio
Scott Lafaro (bass) Paul Motian (drummer) Brought 3-way conversations that communicated equally GROUP INTERACTION mainstay at Village Vanguard
hard Bop
was a reaction to cool jazz that returned to the earthier roots of blues, gospel, and rhythm and blues. The instrumentation typically included trumpet, tenor saxophone, and a rhythm section of piano, double bass, and drums. It had a heavier sound and simpler melodic lines and harmonies than in bebop. Flourished in the East
ECM RECORDS
where Pat Metheny Group began to record
A piece in which the drums overtly state the swing eighth notes in a continuous (eight-to-the-bar) chunKA-chunKA-chunKA-chunKA pattern is called a
Shuffle
Which of the following is not a typical stylistic feature of bebop?
Simple melodies
Clifford Brown
Awesome trumpeter who originally started with Blakey and then joined Max Roach in a quintet -- he was against drugs, warm hearted Lots of feeling in all of his music and organized structure in solos with accompaniment Died in a car accident
What happened in 1949 and then evolved in the early 1950s?
BEBOP is a FLOP turns to cool jazz
"KoKo"
Band: Charlie Parker's Re-Boppers Composer: Parker Style: Bebop Form: AABA Stylistic Features: weaving together a coherent and hodgepodge of quotations and formulaic improv on Cherokee
"Night In Tunisia
Bandleader: Bud Powell Trio Singer: Vaughan Composer: Gillespie Genre: Bebop Form:AABA Style: Afro-cuban and bebop fused groove in A sections and swing feel in the bridge
"Shaw Nuff"
Bandleader: Gillespie Composer: Gillespie/Parker Genre: Bebop Form: AABA (rhythm changes like Cotton Tail or Lester Leaps in) Stylistic Description: adopts the jam session forgot of head-solos-head... you hear the flatted fifth in the intro and bridge melody
Gerry Mulligan
Baritone Saxophone; played on the west coast and created the painless quartet (featuring the baritone sax, trumpet, bass and drums) Created cool sounds His group became the first to record for Pacific Jazz