Music 204-- Final Exam

Mainstream Jazz

(1950s) music performed by a large group of soloists outside the Dixieland and modern jazz camps, mostly Swing Era,-- holdovers, who enjoyed fairly broad public acceptance (Ex. Holiday, Fitzgerald, Goodman, Young, Tatum Hawkins)

Gertrude's Bounce

- Clifford Brown-Max Roach Quintet - Richie Powell: Piano - Sonny Rollins: Tenor Sax - Hard Bop Intro is west coast cold jazz style, surges with energy and swings hard on the unison head

Cannonball Adderley

- Hard bop - alto sax - soul jazz High school band teacher that got his break at cafe bohemia "The new bird"

Chet Baker

Acclaimed trumpeter and heroin addict from the west that played with mulligan and then teamed up with pianist Russ Freeman

Malcom X

African-American civil rights leader who encouraged violent responses to racial discrimination and was Nation of Islam-- did not want to integrate, but be independent Eventually led to Stokely Carmichael to promote "Black Power" and violence

Characteristics of Hard Bop

Aggressive manner of expression emphatic rhythms, blunt articulations, strong accents hard swinging rhythmic sense drummers assume prominent role bluesy expressiveness on both melody and chordal instruments gospel related chord progressions catchier

Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Big Band

An influential big band associated primarily with the 1960's was the Mel Lewis (drummer) Thad Jones (trumpet)

This songwriter had a powerful influence on the emergence of bossa nova:

Antonio Carlos Jobim

What are considered the First Bop Recordings?

Apollo Recordings (Coleman Hawkins, feature Gillespie)... what led after that was the 1945 Gillespie-Parker recordings

or forty years this drummer led a band called the Jazz Messengers, a revolving conservatory for young players that helped to launch the careers of many eminent soloists?

Art Blakey

Voice of AMerica

1948; This government agency was created to make radio (and later TV) broadcasts of news and entertainment into foreign countries, especially into those controlled by communists.

Acid Jazz

90s stylistic blend drawing upon soul jazz, brazilian rhythms, hip-hop, world music, and acid house dance beats

What is considered Coltrane's greatest ablum?

A Love Supreme-- his album dedicated to God (resolution being a part of it)

Return to Forever

A band based on scientologist (chick corea)

Mambo

A hot, energetic cuban dance that became popular in the 40s

Psychedelic Rock

A style of rock music of the late 1960s having a prominent repetitive beat and lyrics that suggest mind altering experience of taking LSD

Energy jazz

A subcategory of free jazz that emphasizes speed, rhythmic intensity, and expressive passion

Which of the following is true of much free jazz of the 1980s? It became just as popular among fans as neo-bop Like ragtime in the 1920s, it died as a viable, active force in jazz It became more abstract, exploring the limits of expressionistic angst It assumed a friendlier character, incorporating elements of postbop, fusion, and other familiar idioms None of the above

It assumed a friendlier character, incorporating elements of postbop, fusion, and other familiar idioms

Frank Sinatra

Italian Immigrant from New Jersey that became a teen idol with his operatic/jazz phrasing... became an acting success ... signed with Capitol Records (where his jazzy self was produced) and then went to las Vegas "The rat pack" where he produced a pure romantic fantasy

Dizzy Gillespie

Jazz Trumpeter that helped develop bebop fully... though he was a virtuoso, he loved vaudeville like armstrong... became good friends with saxophonist charlie parker when touring with Earl Hines.. then back to 52nd street (Three Dueces)

Critics in the 50s

Jazz: its evolution and essence Hear me Talkin' to ya: the story of jazz as told by the men who made it

Woman's Got Soul

Joe Williams with the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Orchestra Composer: Curtis Mayfield Style: Shuffle Style: soulful Sympathetic solo obbligatos in the background

Last Great Jazz innovator?

John Coltrane

Giant Steps

John Coltrane Form: AA' Style: Hard Bop Extremely fast with busy chord progressions Bass line rises in alternating minor thirds and perfect fourths, lots of key changes Cross instrumental influences "SHEETS OF SOUND" approach piano- tommy flanagan

Resolution

John Coltrane Quartet Composer: Coltrane Form: 8 bar (minor) blues Style: Postbop/modal jazz john coltrane- tenor sax mcCoy tyner- piano jimmy garrison- bass elvin jones - drums * hard swinging composition bass does double stops lots of tension-building devices Hemiola (two against three rhythmic pattern) second chorus, coltrane plays outside figures

Stan Getz

Joined Charlie Bird.... was a famous tenor saxophonist, created Jazz Samba had problems with heroin, but got back into it and made cuban/bossa nova music big

Charlie Parker

KC Boy who played the alto sax like crazy- and drugs Gillespie's friend (toured with Hines) Particularly good with Formulaic improvisation and quotations

In which important jazz city did Charlie Parker grow up?

Kansas City

The area in East Greenwich Village that supported alternative Jazz

Knitting Factory

IMportant center of modern big band developments?

LA Woody Herman organized an exciting, brass-heavy group Pianist STan Kenton (Big band plus modern developments in both jazz and classical realms)

Father of Fusion

Larry Coryell

By the late 1960s the most important urban center for male jazz singers was:

Las vegas

What recording officially launched the fusion movement?

Bitches Brew

WHo was the world Saxophone quartet's most illustrious soloist?

David Murray

A dramatic event in the rise of neo-bop was the celebrated "homecoming" engagement at the Village Vanguard by this veteran bebop tenor player:

Dexter Gordon

The Modern Jazz Quartet got its start as the rhythm section for the big band of which famous jazz musician?

Dizzy gillespie

Coleman's Classic Quartet

Don Cherry (trumpet) Billy Higgins (drummer) Charlie Haden (bass) PIANOLESS

Yes I Can, No You Can't" features a __________ beat, a loping dance rhythm based on straight eighth notes and their sixteenth-note subdivisions.

Booglaoo

In the 1960s the concept of "mainstream jazz" was broadened to include players in the ___________ idiom.

Bop

Joe Williams

Built his styles on Blues ... joined Count Basie and was his singer Rich , full-throated bass sang with the blues Charismatic and warm

Father of Modern Jazz Guitar

Charlie Christian... electric guitar and anticipated bebop with his long, flowing lines and chromatically embellished melodies (Goodman)

What city emerged as a major jazz center in the 60s?

Chicago! hasn't been since the 20s

500 Miles High

Chick Corea and Return to Forever Composer: Corea-Potter Form: Binary AB Style: Fusion

New Left

Coalition of younger members of the Democratic party and radical student groups. Believed in participatory democracy, free speech, civil rights and racial brotherhood, and opposed the war in Vietnam "Free Speech Movement" by campus demonstrations

Heads

Combined new melodies with familiar chord progressions

Bebop main characteristics

Combo instrumentation (usually 2 horns and a rhythm section) Simple arrgnts. a succession of improv solos between opening and closing statements of the melody intricate melodies played in unison or octaves by the front line horn players Higher levels of dissonance (more so than swing) REALLY fast tempos or extensive double-time during slow and medium tempos Dazzling virtuoso solos Little vibrato in sound of horns Unstable features in general

Boogie Stop Shuffle

Composer: Charles Mingus Style: Hard Bop Form: 12 bar (minor) blues Head unfolds in five stages Recorded as part of the famous album of "mingus Al um" - percussive attacks, bluesy expressiveness, and brings back plungers and "wah wahs'

Dave Brubeck

Cool sounding pianist in San Francisco who was originally a rancher and studied classical composition ... eventually made smaller groups and became famous with his classic quartet (featuring alto sax paul desmond)

Which prominent cool jazz musician had his picture on the cover of Time magazine 1954?

Dave Brubeck

Perhaps more than any other, this record label anticipated the freewheeling international eclecticism of the 1990s:

ECM

The end of the Cold War and the fall of communism decreased the role and influence of non-Americans in jazz. - T/F?

False

Samba

Fast Brazilian dance with African influences Duple meter and straight eighth notes used especially during carnival season

Simultaneous with the rise of the civil rights movement, a new form of black jazz emerged—an intense, caustic idiom known as

Free Jazz

Ornette Coleman

Free Jazz with the alto sax who didn't play on the chord changes, but on the inspiration and feeling of the song... improvising variations on the melody and changed tonal centers frequently

Freudianism

Freud's notion that human behavior is the product of the conflict between an individual's Id, Ego, and Superego (Subconscious)

What was Miles Davis's first quintet?

Garland, Chambers, Jones

Which player from birth of the cool organized a successful pianoless quarter in los angeles?

Gerry Mulligan

Gloria's Step

Group: Bill Evans Trio Composer: Scott LaFaro Style: Moderate free jazz Form: AAB (20 measures, 5, 5, and 10) Trio = Evans (Piano), LaFaro (bass), Motian (drums)

Tales (8 Whisps)

Group: Cecil Taylor Unit Composer: Taylor Form: 8 units that vary Unit 1: ABA' Unit 4: binary C C' -- also establishes a sense of pulse, tempo and even meter here Style: Free Jazz prickly characteristics: Atonality, no meter, abstract melodic patterns BUT it does have elegant shape and rhetorical intensity Has 8 sections divided into units and differ in speed, character, duration and instrumentation CRAZY virtuosity in Unit 6

"Parker's Mood"

Group: Charlie Parker All Stars Composer: Parker Style: blues mixed with modern jazz Stylistic Features: dual purpose intro/coda Motivic development

"Bernie's Tune"

Group: Gerry Mulligan Quartet Genre: Cool Jazz Stylistic Features: Absence of piano, stop and start, minor key in the a sections

Gingerbread Boy

Group: Miles Davis Quintet Composer: Heath Style: postbop Form: 12 bar blues Davis= trumpet, hancock=piano (plays outside from time to time), ron carter=bass, Wayne Shorter=tenor sax Tony Williams=drums

So What

Group: Miles Davis Sextet composed: probs Gil Evans Harmonic structure: modal Form: AABA piano and horns play bouncy minor bass line in call and response fashion Piano = preacher horns = congregation "Amen"

"Concorde"

Group: Modern Jazz Quartet Composer: Lewis Style: cool jazz Form: fugue Subject intro Bass -- piano-- vibes -- bass

Lonely Woman

Group: Ornette Coleman Quartet Composer: Coleman Form: AABA Style: free jazz Charlie Haden (bass), Geri Allen (piano), Higgins (drums)

First american jazz musician to experiment with Bossa NOva

Guitarist Charlie Bird -- created Jazz Samba with Stan Getz

Monroe's Uptown House

Harlem jazz session "after hours" where bebop was born

Thelonious Monk

He creates new harmonic language and innovated rhythms gets back int eh game when he makes a record label with Riverside

This fusion band, led by Herbie Hancock, was one of the first to successfully wed jazz (improvisation) and funk:

Headhunters

Founding Fathers of Hot Jazz

Horace Silver (blues infected piano style) Art Blakey (explosive drummer.... got back to his roots after traveling to West Africa) created a quintet together "The Jazz Messengers (Blakey eventually would take over)q

John Coltrane's principal record label in the 1960s was a new label dedicated to promoting avant-garde musicians:

Impulse!

Mahavishnu Orchestra

Sound often characterized by rapid unison ensemble passages and used synthesizers made by mclaughlin

Historical Context in the 60s

Southern manifesto (right of states to refuse to integrate schools) Sit ins Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)... wanted to free transportation of segregation) leading to Freedom rides March on Washington with Martin Luther King Jr. Civil Rights Act of 1964 which banned discrimination Vietname war (drafted 30% blacks and 18% whites)

Girl from Ipanema

Stan Getz-Joao Gilberto Composer: Jobim Form: AABA Style: Fusion jazz/ Bossa Nova Singer: Astrud Gilberto Deeply felt lyricism... triadic extensions

Who called their music "Progressive Jazz"

Stan Kenton

In their fusion bands Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea often used stacks of electronic keyboards known as

Synthesizers

The big band revival of the sixties was launched by the ___________ big band.

Thad Jones-Mel Lewis

Ornette Coleman and Cecil Taylor both made their public debuts at this New York club:

The Five Spot

The most eclectic and experimental players of the 1990s often performed at this Greenwich Village club owned by Michael Dorf:

The Knitting Factory

Road Time Shuffle

The Toshiko Akiyoshi-Lew Tabackin Big Band Composed: Akiyoshi Form: ABAC Style: Modern Big Band; shuffle ** includes her japanese heritage Big Band trumper players have a greater range and power Shuffle: state the swing eighth notes continuously-- piano and trombones articulate this rhythm

Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of postmodern music? The prizing of innovation for its own sake The free interplay of traditions from various world cultures Blurred boundaries between "high" and "low" styles An emphasis on fragmentation and discontinuity A self-conscious appropriation and reinterpretation of past styles

The prizing of innovation for its own sake

In the late fifties John Coltrane apprenticed as a sideman with Miles Davis and

Thelonious Monk

"500 Miles High" and "Birdland" resemble many fusion recordings in their abandonment of traditional forms.

True

Cannonball Adderley was a leading player of the ____________ movement:

True

Quartal Harmony

Use of harmony built on the interval of the fourth

During the Cold War the United States government used this radio program to disseminate jazz and other American cultural values:

Voice of America

Jazz at the Philharmonic

Wanted to reserve jazz in its authentic, unvarnished, improv state

Birdland

Weather Report Zawinul Form: 4 sections A B C D (C main melody) Style: Fusion

State Department Tours

Where Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong and Goodman made presentations and were commissioned by the US government to be emissaries

Henry Threadgill

Woodwind player from chicago liked to focus more on expressiveness

BLACK ARTISTS GROUP led to

World Saxophone Group which was the foremost chamber group in jazz Played a lot of Main stream jazz and R&B David Murray was the known soloist

By the 1980s this band "had established [itself] as the foremost chamber group in jazz by virtually unanimous critical acclaim." Henry Threadgill Sextet Steps Ahead World Saxophone Quartet Pat Metheny Group Prime Time

World Saxophone Quartet

Skain's Domain

Wynton Marsalis Form: 27 measure chorus structure Style: Neo-bop/modal jazz

Leader of Traditionalists

Wynton Marsalis "young lions" Raised in enw orleads and played trumpet... hated fuzed =jazz

Minton's playhouse

a Harlem jam session spot where bebop was founded and before Jazz moved from Harlem

Repertory orchestras

a band that performs the music of historical ensembles, often from parts painstakingly transcribed from recordings

Birdland (club)

a famous new york jazz club that opened in Charlie Parker's honor ... mecca for modern jazz

Modal Jazz

a jazz style in which the soloists base their solos on modes/scales instead of the chord progressions

Boogaloo

a loose movement, mostly using the hips and legs, giving the illusion that a dancer has no bones A black adaption of the Latin bugalu, a fad dance of the 60s

Existentialism

a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.

Blue Note

a record label that epitomized hard bop in the 50s and 60s

Reissue

a recording that makes newly available the music of an old, often classic recording

Bossa Nova

a slowed down samba with cool jazz harmonies and romantic lyrics

World Fusion

a stylistic blend of jazz and musical traditions from outside the US

Dropping Bombs

a technique devised in bebop in which the bass drum or snare plays strong, unpredictable accents

atonality

no specific key or tonality

Miles Davis's album Birth of the Cool features the instrumentation of a:

nonet

Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM)

nonprofit that helped musicians Inspired by Sun Ra and the Experimental Band (muhal)

Muhal Richard Abrams

organized an Experimental Band to explore ideas

"First Bop Big Band"

organized by Billy Eckstine

Bill Evans

pianist on "Kind of Blue" - led interactive trio and created secundal harmony classical drifting into jazz (like debussy and ravel) refracting harmonies diluted t g fhe tonality in a controlled way without destroying it

Lennie Tristano

piano, cool jazz.... nurtured a conception of bebop based on the classical virtues of controlled execution, purity of tone and subdued rhythmic accents

Ghost bands

played music of the deceased swing legends in vintage style

Sun Ra

played piano and arranged for Henderson and his big band played electric piano booming a pioneer for that instrument ... created a band called Myth-science Arkestra based upon ancient Egyptian black history and science fiction... was more for the peace-love than violence

Claude Thornhill

progressive band leader that became a model for cool ensembles and loved Claude Debussy

AFM Recording ban

reason for loss of big bands' loss of popularity... American Federation of Musicians wanted to make the three big record companies pay into a union fund for unemployed musicians

cabaret card

required for performers seeking work in New York establishments where alcohol was served

VSOP Quintet

sidement of mIles Davis that got together to play postbop tradiiton in the 60s while in the 70s

Vocalese

singing newly invented lyrics to the notes of a recorded instrumental solo, usually in the bebop idiom

Bebop Pianists

sporadic rhythmic accents

Soul Jazz

strong backbeat, aggressive urban sound, simple chords, shorter solos, and clear rhythm (came to prominence in the late 1950s) spoke for black culture and values with unabashed directness subcategory of Hard bop.... fused modern jazz with popular idioms of the blues, gospel, and soul

Fusion Jazz

style that combines jazz improvisation with amplified instruments of rock and funk that became popular in the 70s

Characteristics of Cool Jazz

subdued rhythms, soft articulations, muted accents lyrical melodies "pastel" ensemble soft dynamics (drummers would use brushes instead of sticks) greater emphasis on arrangements clarity of tone and attack (classically inspired) ... grace under pressure

Sonny Rollins

tenor sax-- wanted to lead the life of Clifford Brown. Liked to use motives for his basis of improvs

John Coltrane

Leading tenor sax in 60s Last great jazz innovator Three career periods: Chordal Period: up to 1960 Postbop/modal period: 60-65 atonal period: 65 to 67 Hired by both Gillespie and Johnny Hodges, but got fired from both for his drug and alcohol problem.... played in R&B Bands, then hired by Davis and then-- fired. Had an "encounter with God" when quitting cold turkey and joined the "force that is truly good" Joined Monk... then back to Davis LONG SOLOS -- Had Dolphy join him and got called "anti jazz" eventually led to Radical free jazz

Who is considered the quintessential hardbopper?

Lee Morgan

Yes I can, No you Cant

Lee Morgan Form: 24 bar blues Style: (soul jazz)-- Boogaloo Beat ** lee does a 'talking' solo Tenor Sax = wayne shorter pianist = harold mabern bass = bob cranshaw drums= billy higgins

L's Bop

Lenny WHite, et al. Form: AAB (5/4 turnaround and 4/4 break) Style: New bop White (drummer)

Pat Metheny's main collaborator

Lyle Mays (pianist)

The pianist in John Coltrane's classic quartet was:

McCoy Tyner

John Coltrane's "classic quartet"

McCoy Tyner = piano Jimmy Garrison = bass Elvin Jones = drums

One of the most impressive early manifestations of neo-bop was the all-too-brief career of the V.S.O.P. Quintet, which consisted of the sidemen from ___________, plus trumpeter Freddie Hubbard.

Miles Davis Second Quintet

The Meaning of the Blues/Lament

Miles Davis and Gil Evans Composed: Bobby Troup (The meaning of blues) // JJ Johnson (Lament) -- Combines the two together Style: ballad Form: ABAC (blues)// ABA'B' (Lament) Davis plays the flugelhorn

Who spearheaded jazz-rock or fusion?

Miles davis

Miles Davis's first album to explore modal jazz was:

Milestones

Which of the following was Charlie Parker's main instrument?

alto sax

Which of the following is not a typical feature of hard bop? More intricate and complex heads than in bebop Gospel-related chord progressions and gestures Emphatic rhythms, strong accents Hard-swinging rhythmic sense Bluesy expressiveness

More intricate and complex heads than in bebop

Pat Metheny

Most original fusion artist of the 80s (guitar) who grew up in KC collaborator: lyle mays

Which of the following is not true of cool jazz? Mostly an East Coast phenomenon Two important pioneers were Miles Davis and Gerry Mulligan Subdued the rhythmic vitality of bebop Represented primarily by white musicians

Mostly an East Coast phenomenon

Substitution Chords

an alternate chord substituted for the standard chord of a piece

motivic improvisation

an approach to solo improvisation that involves developing a motive or group of motives into a larger statement

Postmodernism

an artistic movement that emerged in the 1960s in which all styles, from every time and place, were equally available and viable music was very collagey and interplayed with different traditions.. fragmented and borrowed styles

Synthesizers

an electronic musical instrument, typically operated by a keyboard, producing a wide variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequencies.

Hipster

an enlightened white person-- who had bohemian worldview and lifestyle of black jazz musicians

Free jazz

an improvised style of jazz characterized by the absence of set chord patterns, traditional melody, swing feel, tonality and time patterns

Earl "Bud" Powell

archetypal bebop pianist... offered a more comprehensible model for young players --- very erratic style (acclaimed recordings with his piano trio)-- Got cracked on the head by a policeman without his ID

Charles Mingus

bass/composer - used several eras; "organized chaos"; strong personality and created the Jazz Workshop where he brought back aural tradition and didn't write down notes to teach his band

This free jazz pioneer played alto saxophone, led a pianoless quartet, and had one of the least auspicious musical backgrounds of any prominent jazz musician: Anthony Braxton Muhal Richard Abrams Sun Ra Ornette Coleman Cecil Taylor

Ornette Coleman

Toshiko Akiyoshi

Pianist and composer with her husband Lew Tabackin (tenor sax) Created Toshiko Akiyoshi-Lew Tabackin Big Band -- Japanese Jazz artist and became a hit

"I Should Care"

Pianist: Thelonious Monk Composer: Weston-stordahl-cahn) Genre: Bebop piano Style: Ballad Form: ABAC Stabbing Chords that are clustered

The Weather Report

by Joe Zawinul used stacks of synthesizers and keyboards jaco pastorius

Third Stream

complete integration of improvised jazz and composed classical music

Long Playing Disc

contained 25 min. of recording on each side

Formulaic Improvisation

creating solos by manipulating, at the speed of thought, musical formulae or patterns that one has worked out and internalized

Before the 1960s the key ingredient in modern Latin jazz came from this Latin-American country:

cuba

Max Roach

drummer for Dizzy Gillespie dropped bombs (bop)

Kenny Clarke

drums bebop... started a new style that got him fired at first... broke up the symmetrical flow and played fills in between ensemble phrases

flatted fifth

flatted fifth note from the root favored by Thelonious Monk

Cubop

fusing bebop and Afro-cuban music together

Lifetime

fusion band that was really famous and put together by Tony Williams... power trio of high voltage music and british blues

Funky

gospel and blues soaked styles of jazz

Rehearsal Bands

got together and played for the sheer joy of it, didn't perform publicly, didn't record

Modern Jazz Quartet

group with a softer, cooler, more intellectual approach... they tried to be classy and wear suits and be on time Eventually took on the idea of creating jazz fugues

Emsemble to wed funk and jazz

headhunters (herbie hancock)

Quotation

in a solo, a reference to a well-known melody from the popular or classical repertoires

Smooth jazz

in the 1990s, an unobtrusive pop-oriented kind of fusion emphasizing flawless execution and glossy production values

Funk

in the 60s and 70s an intensely rhythmic brand of soul characterized by interlocking polyrhythms

Who was considered an "angry Tenor"

john coltrane

Village Vanguard

leading small venue for jazz in the 1950's (broadway, not 52nd street!) Bill Evans, Scott LaFaro and Paul Motian were mainstays there

Sarah Vaughan

most important jazz singer in the 1940s... aka Sassy or Divine One Focused more on what her voice could do than the words and message she could convey

Micahel Brecker

most influential tenor sax by the 1980s since john coltrane), inventive improv (postbop and fusion... contemporary bebop) only played with acoustic instruments Steps Ahead (Band)

The Sound of Jazz

most successful TV Special on Jazz (Robert Herridge)

One of the strongest influences on Joe Williams's vocal style growing up was

the blues

Triadic Extenstions

the interval of a 7th, 9th, 11th or 13th above the root of a chord

What is Impulse!?

the most important jazz record label of the 60s which would foster the avant garde especially

Neobop

the revival of hard bop and postbop by players after 1975

Secundal Harmony

the use of chords built on the interval of a second

Lee Morgan

trumpet, hard bop/Soul jazz trumpeter -- "The quintessential Hardbopper" Joined Art Blakey's jazz messengers where he became acclaimed... Eventually blended jazz with popular music

In the early 1960s conservative critics found fault with John Coltrane's improvised solos, particularly his tendency to

Play longer and longer solos

Music of the moderate free jazz is called?

Postbop

Identify the rhythm section for Miles Davis's first quintet: Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter, Tony Williams Bill Evans, Paul Chambers, James Cobb Red Garland, Paul Chambers, Philly Joe Jones Richie Powell, George Morrow, Max Roach

Red Garland, Paul Chambers, Philly Joe Jones

Miles Davis

Resented Armstrong for being a Dixieland Jazz... all for modern and meaningful jazz put together and devoted his time to cool jazz -- "Birth of the Cool" were his records Then after his conquering of heroin, he went over to hot jazz

St. Louis Trumpet Style

Restrained approach that was sweet and lyrically bent

MOst popular Latin Dance of the 30s?

Rhumba: a cuban dance

What happened in the mid 1940s?

SOLOISTS.. .no more big bands (Modern Jazz) Bebop Cool Jazz Hard Bop

Bill Evans Trio

Scott Lafaro (bass) Paul Motian (drummer) Brought 3-way conversations that communicated equally GROUP INTERACTION mainstay at Village Vanguard

hard Bop

was a reaction to cool jazz that returned to the earthier roots of blues, gospel, and rhythm and blues. The instrumentation typically included trumpet, tenor saxophone, and a rhythm section of piano, double bass, and drums. It had a heavier sound and simpler melodic lines and harmonies than in bebop. Flourished in the East

ECM RECORDS

where Pat Metheny Group began to record

A piece in which the drums overtly state the swing eighth notes in a continuous (eight-to-the-bar) chunKA-chunKA-chunKA-chunKA pattern is called a

Shuffle

Which of the following is not a typical stylistic feature of bebop?

Simple melodies

Clifford Brown

Awesome trumpeter who originally started with Blakey and then joined Max Roach in a quintet -- he was against drugs, warm hearted Lots of feeling in all of his music and organized structure in solos with accompaniment Died in a car accident

What happened in 1949 and then evolved in the early 1950s?

BEBOP is a FLOP turns to cool jazz

"KoKo"

Band: Charlie Parker's Re-Boppers Composer: Parker Style: Bebop Form: AABA Stylistic Features: weaving together a coherent and hodgepodge of quotations and formulaic improv on Cherokee

"Night In Tunisia

Bandleader: Bud Powell Trio Singer: Vaughan Composer: Gillespie Genre: Bebop Form:AABA Style: Afro-cuban and bebop fused groove in A sections and swing feel in the bridge

"Shaw Nuff"

Bandleader: Gillespie Composer: Gillespie/Parker Genre: Bebop Form: AABA (rhythm changes like Cotton Tail or Lester Leaps in) Stylistic Description: adopts the jam session forgot of head-solos-head... you hear the flatted fifth in the intro and bridge melody

Gerry Mulligan

Baritone Saxophone; played on the west coast and created the painless quartet (featuring the baritone sax, trumpet, bass and drums) Created cool sounds His group became the first to record for Pacific Jazz