BUAD 304 Final

Match the Lewin change state on the left to its description on the right.

Unfreezing- create the motivation to change Changing- introduce new information, models, and procedures introduce new information, models, and procedures Refreezing- support and reinforcement

The Reina Model is used to restore.....when it has been compromised.

trust

According to the Reina Model for rebuilding trust, it is important to discuss feelings and emotions constructively before reframing the ... , and taking.... for what happened.

trust... responsiblity

A team that works together over time and distance using electronic media to combine effort and achieve goals is a(n) .... team

virtual

Which of the following statements are true about implementing corporate change?

People often resist change due to work environment issues. Don't assume people consciously resist change. Gathering feedback about the change is beneficial.

The process of conscientiously using the best available data when making managerial decisions is .... decision making.

evidence bence

The least effective way to use evidence-based decision making is to:

support a decision made intuitively

What are some tips for sparking creativity?

taking a walk lying on the beach doing "nothing"

What are the three ways managers use evidence or data in the decision-making process?

to support a decision to inform a decision to make a decision

The extent to which a person has a high need for structure and control in his or her life is known as:

tolerance for ambiguity

Big data, the vast quantity of data available to decision makers, can

enhance productivity. be used to develop new products and services. make information more transparent and usable.

Important takeaways from trait theory include that:

traits impact leader effectiveness it can be important to hiring and promoting decisions having a "global mindset" is important

Interaction-faciitation Group-oriented decision making Representation and networking Value-based

Resolving disputes; facilitating communication. Encouraging group members to participate in decision making. Presenting the work group in a positive light to others. Establishing a vision and supporting its accomplishment.

A set of shared expected behaviors for members of a group as a whole is called a group

Role

The tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases is known as ______.

Social Loafing

How can managers become effective leaders?

Solicit feedback on leadership skills. Gain perspective about different leadership behaviors their followers might need. Identify task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes needed to lead.

What type of thinking is described by Daniel Kahneman as intuitive and unconscious thought?

System 1

What are three things you can do to positively impact your personal and professional life?

Take ownership for enhancing your skills, abilities, and developmental networks. Asses your level of fit with current and future employers. Engage in regular contact with people in your developmental network.

What is needed across internal characteristics for organizations to achieve higher performance?

Alignment

Which of the following decision making styles is associated with a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on tasks and technical concerns?

Analytical style

What is one thing managers can do to improve their decision making?

Avoid decision-making biases by becoming aware of them.

The ability of a team to adapt to changes such as changing demands or the transition of members in or out of the group is:

Team Adaptive Capacity

Which of the following statements are true about a formal group?

The group is assigned to accomplish specific goals.; The group is assigned by the organization or managers.

Which of the following statements are true about work teams?

They are usually permanent. They have a common purpose. They have a well-defined purpose.

Which of the following are characteristics of high-performing teams?

They have clear goals and responsibilities. They have an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and abilities. They have trust and communication.

In order to make groups and teams successful, what should managers do?

They should use team charters to accomplish goals. They should identify task and maintenance roles. They should build and maintain trust with and among members.

When all members of a group either agree with a decision or are able to support it, they have reached a

consensus

Organizations that are structured to fit the demands of the situation are said to follow the....approach to organization design.

contingency

Managers who take into account strategy and goals, market uncertainty, decision-making processes, size, and technology are considering ______ about organization design.

contingency factors

The situational theory which argues that a leader's effectiveness is dependent on how well a leader's style fits the situation at hand is called theory.

contingency theory

What factors need to be considered when dealing with different types of change--adaptive, innovative, and radical?

cost perceived associated threats complexity

The joint novelty and usefulness of a product or service as judged by others is:

creative outcome effectivness

The process of producing new and useful ideas concerning products, services, processes, and procedures is

creatvity

The way an individual perceives stimuli and the general manner in which he or she responds to it is a(n).... style

decision making style

In terms of leadership, women use a more ______ style while men use a more ______ style.

democratic; autocratic

Which of the following describes a purpose of a formal work group?

discussing ways to improve product quality

What characteristics need to be aligned for an organization to maximize performance?

employees' human and social capital strategy and structure human resource practices and policies

The process of conscientiously using the best available data when making managerial decisions is:

evidence-based decision making

Select the three emotional responses followers want leaders to foster.

excitement significance community

What are some of the characteristics that followers look for in leaders?

fostering a sense of unity making them feel engaged at work treating others with respect

How can artificial intelligence (AI) help managers enhance business operations?

gaining insight through data analysis automating processes managing customer communications

Collections of individuals with low dependency on one another are known as ______, whereas _____ are collectively responsible for their performance.

groups; teams

Clear goals and responsibilities with an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and abilities are specifically associated with ______ teams.

highperforming

Punctuated equilibrium is concerned with:

how a group functions in the face of change

What are some of the emerging sources of stress according to the American Psychological Association?

hunger discrimination housing instability

Which of the following are steps in the general strategy of applying contingency leadership theories?

identify situational conditions identify relevant leadership behaviors identify important outcomes

Kotter believes that change most often fails not because of poor planning but because of ineffective ________.

implementation

Organizations learn by using which independent subprocesses?

information acquisition knowledge integration information distribution

Select the types of task-oriented leadership.

initiating structure transactional leadership

Select all of the core traits that are associated with leaders.

intelligence emotional stability conscientiousness

What do you call changes that come from inside the organization?

internal forces for change

Research has found certain situational characteristics that drive creativity include:

interpersonal diversity mutual accountability within a group positive relationships with coworkers

Managing diversity and targeting specific demographics

is a good business move.

The cognitive biases we use to facilitate the decision-making process are:

judgmental heuristics

Which of the following can be systematically improved and developed?

leader behaviors

Which of the following are aspects of trust?

letting your guard down with another person; believing that another person will keep the impact of his or her actions on you in mind

According to a recent study, which of the following was found to deplete your human capital?

long-term success job satisfaction

Which of these are common, effective stress-reduction techniques?

meditation regular breaks play

What are some actions that organizations can take to achieve the desired change outcomes?

modify targeted elements of change solicit employees' opinions use employee feedback

What attitude about change will make you more likely to resist change?

negative

Research has shown that affirmative action programs

negatively impact the people they are designed to help.

What models of decision making explain how managers really come to decisions?

nonrational

Determining how great a role the environment plays on an organization determines its status as a(n)

open or closed system.

Which theory states that leader behaviors are effective when employees see them as a source of satisfaction?

path-goal theory

The extent to which your personality and values match the culture and climate in your work organization is called ______ fit.

person-organization

Select career functions of mentoring.

protection challenging assignments sponsorship coaching exposure and visibility

A mental representation of the traits and behaviors that people believe are possessed by leaders is called a leadership...

prototype

The decision-making model that assumes managers are fully objective and have all information they need to make a decision is the ....decision model.

rational

The decision-making model that assumes managers are fully objective and have all information they need to make a decision is the .... decision model.

rational model of decision making

Which of the following, managed by a dashboard, is crucial for evidence-based management?

real-world data

What are three practical things to consider in the decision-making process?

routine and frequency information and communication time constraints

What are some of the qualities of humble leaders that employees value?

self-awareness openness to feedback appreciation of others appreciation of the greater good

What are the key contingency factors to consider when making decisions about organization design?

size strategy and goals technology market uncertainty

Reasons for managing diversity go beyond its _____, ____ or _____ dimensions.

social moral legal

Effective leadership is affected by a combination of

task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes

What are the three causes of resistance to change?

the recipients of change the change agent the relationship between the change agent and the recipient

The expanded view of resistance states that it is caused by the interaction between the changer, the change recipient, and:

the relationships between the change recipients and change agents

Which of the following are key elements to punctuated equilibrium?

time and change

Leaders who are.......use behaviors that appeal to followers' self-concepts.

transformational

Person factors that drive creative performance include:

willingness to tolerate ambiguity motivation to apply relevant knowledge domain relevant knowledge

Which of the following are skills that people should possess to be good leaders?

work well with all different kinds of people have business skills come up with solutions quickly with limited information

What translates a company's strategy and vision into a comprehensive set of performance measures that provides the framework for a strategic measurement and management system?

Balanced scorecard

What are practical ways to build trust in interpersonal relationships within an organization?

Be realistic about commitments and deliver quality work on time. Keep team members informed by providing information on policies and giving accurate feedback. Demonstrate good business sense, technical ability, and professionalism.

What questions should you address when applying the systems model of change?

Change what? Why change? Change how?

What is it called when a mentor provides advice to a protege about developing additional skills?

Coaching

Why is the establishment of a positive vision of the future essential for applying transformational leadership?

Communicating the vision promotes endorsement. Leaders can influence others by gaining consensus of the vision. The vision represents long-term goals.

People who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on people and the social aspects of a work situation have which of the following decision making styles?

Conceptual style

Sets "the structures of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies, and the human resource practices and information and business processes that activate those structures."29 The general idea behind the study of organizational design is that organizations are more effective or successful when their structure supports the execution of corporate strategies.

Organizational Design

The structure of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies and the human resource practices and information and business processes that activate those structures is called

Organizational Design

contractual trust communication trust competence trust

People do what they say they will do and make their expectations clear. People share information and tell the truth. People meet their responsibilities and acknowledge others' skills and experience

Which statements are true about emotional intelligence and leadership?

Emotional intelligence helps people with transformational leadership. Emotional intelligence helps people lead; however, it does not solve all problems.

What can an individual do to make better decisions?

Examine past decisions for the influence of biases. Develop critical thinking skills. Assess decision-making styles.

Forces that originate outside of the organization are:

External

forces originate outside of the organization.

External Forces for change

True or false: An assumption of the nonrational decision making models is that managers possess all of the information needed to make optimal decisions.

False

True or false: Everyone should strive for a managerial or leadership role.

False

Rank Tuckman's five stages of group development. The first stage should be the top item on your list.

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning

When people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action it is:

Groupthink

Select the four basic dimensions of organizational structure.

Hierarchy of authority Line and staff positions Division of labor Spans of control

Which of the following terms refers to a person's productive potential, based on knowledge, skills and experiences?

Human Capital

The idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers is called ______ leadership theory.

Implicit

Which of the following describe the behavioral styles theory of leadership?

Leader behavior is more important than traits Leader behaviors can be improved and developed There is no one best style of leadership

What are practical ways to be an effective member of groups and teams?

Learn which of the group functions are important to you. Develop teamwork competencies to increase your value to the organization. Communicate, be predictable, and treat others with respect to boost your trustworthiness.

A(n) ________ organization is one that proactively creates, acquires and transfers knowledge and that changes its behavior on the basis of new knowledge and insights.

Learning

The competing values framework teaches us that companies with a....... culture tend to have more positive organizational outcomes.

Market

In contrast to a group, what are characteristics of a team?

Members are accountable for their collective performance; Members depend on each other.

Select barriers to implementing successful diversity programs.

Poor career planning Unsupportive or hostile work environment Negative diversity climate

The extent to which people feel comfortable to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences.

Psychological Safety

Which of the following influence a change agent's actions and perceptions? (Check all that apply.)

Recipients' inactions The quality of agent's relationship with recipients Recipients' actions

What must leaders do for their employees, according to path-goal theory?

Reduce roadblocks. Link rewards to goals. Provide guidance.

List the creative performance behaviors in sequence with the first one at the top.

1. Problem formulation/ defintion 2. Preparation/ Information gathering 3. Idea generation 4. Idea evaluation/ validation

A graphical representation of the process underlying decisions that shows the consequences of making various choices.

Decision Tree

The statistical measurements of populations and their qualities, such as age, gender, race, and income over time are:

Demographics

What are the three characteristics that all organizations share?

a structure that serves as a fingerprint the idea that innovation is crucial to remain in business the goal of being effective

The glass ceiling refers to

a very real, yet unseen barrier to high-level advancement for women

Research indicates that most managers have multiple decision-making styles and that those styles are based on:

age. nationality. gender.

Select all of the interpersonal attributes, whether positive or negative, that leaders may possess.

agreeableness narcissism extraversion Machiavellianism

The phase of organizational socialization that occurs before an individual actually joins an organization is

anticipatory socialization.

People who have a directive decision style:

are decisive and action oriented like to focus on facts

What are the two methods for applying the systems model of change?

as a way to identify targets of change as an aid during the strategic planning process

What is the primary purpose of task-oriented leader behaviors?

assisting others in achieving their goals as well as the goals of the working group

Which of the following are methods that have been used by major corporations to respond to issues regarding sexual orientation and transgender rights?

assisting with taxes imposed on same-sex couples in states that did not recognize same-sex marriage offering transgender-inclusive health insurance maintaining an inclusive culture

What is the best way to celebrate your uniqueness while remembering that some people are uncomfortable with individual differences?

be yourself

True or false: Job stress means different things for different people.

True

Which of the following are considered among the five top practical implications for employees?

Apply your knowledge of stress and coping skills. Be mindful of how you respond to change. Resistance is a given.

People who are receptive to suggestions and focus strongly on people and the social aspects of a work situation have which of the following decision-making styles?

Behavioral Style

What are some of the positive effects of CEO humility on employees?

performance engagement commitment

Which statement about social media is true?

Being proficient with social networking tools can help you find jobs throughout your career.

How does organizational socialization embed their cultures in new employees?

By promoting and reinforcing core values and beliefs

Leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust with a focus on group members' needs and desires is called:

Consideration

What is the theory that says a leader's effectiveness depends on how well a leader's style fits characteristics of the situation at hand?

Contingency Theory

Bernard Bass associated which of the following behaviors with leaders?

Creating vision and strategic plans Inspiring others Rallying employees around a common goal

In order to make meaningful contributions to groups or teams, what should you do?

Develop your teamwork competencies Learn which individual functions of groups are most important to you Apply your knowledge to combat social loafing

What represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people.

Diversity

A subcomponent of an organization's overall atmosphere as defined by employees' aggregate perceptions about the firms diversity related format structure characteristics and informal values. a subcomponent of an organization's overall atmosphere as defined by employees' aggregate perceptions about the firms diversity related format structure characteristics and informal values.

Diversity Climate

According to research, which of the following are differences found among men and women leadership roles?

Men use an autocratic style, while women use a participative style. Men are task-oriented, while women are relationship-oriented.

The process of forming and maintaining intensive and lasting developmental relationships between a variety of developers and a junior person is called:

Mentoring

What should managers do to help them build and lead more effective teams?

They should evaluate employees using the three Cs of team players (commitment, collaboration, and competency). They should use the group development process to reduce frustrations when working in teams. They should identify important task and maintenance roles.

According....theory, organizations should consider using personality and trait assessments in the selection and promotion process.

Trait

What are some of the managerial implications of transformational leadership?

Transformational leadership behavior works for geographically dispersed people, such as those working virtually. Effective leaders rely on task-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors. Establishment of a positive vision of the future provides a long-term goal for the organization and its staff.

True or false: Some change experts believe that resistance does not reside solely within the individual employee; they contend that it is a result of the context in which change occurs.

True

True or false: The goal of decision making is to find a solution that leads to a desired state of affairs.

True

A reciprocal belief that another person will consider the effects of his intentions and behaviors on you is ______.

Trust

What are key takeaways managers should remember for leadership effectiveness?

Try to develop positive relationships with all your followers. Experiment with a contingency approach toward leadership.

What techniques can an individual use to develop leadership or managerial skills?

Understand your employer's expectations of leadership. Practice leadership behavior outside of work. Take responsibility for your relationship with your supervisor.

Which of the following statements are true about the characteristics of virtual teams?

Virtual team members are connected using various technologies. Virtual teams may utilize talent more efficiently than in traditional office settings. Virtual team members work across time, space, and organizational boundaries.

People who prefer to avoid conflict and focus strongly on people and the social aspects of a work situation have the style of.... decision making.

behavioral

A technique used to help groups generate ideas by silently and individually writing them down and then sharing them is:

brainstorming

Select the four basic skills for leaders, according to your text.

business skills interpersonal skills cognitive abilities strategic skills

Affirmative action programs _____.

can be voluntary or mandatory

Kotter proposed an eight-step process for leading organizational ______.

change

Select the stages in Lewin's change model.

changing refreezing unfreezing

Which two activities are included in the decision-making process?

choosing from among alternative solutions determining alternative solutions

One lesson from the competing values framework is that innovation and operational outcomes are linked to characteristics associated with which of the following cultures?

clan adhocracy market

The sense of "we-ness" that overrides individual differences and motives in a group is

cohesiveness

Select the leader behaviors in the integrated model of leadership.

task-oriented transformational relationship-oriented passive

The ability to manage oneself and one's relationships in a mature and constructive way is called ______ _______.

Emotional Intelligence

The structure that groups people according to the business functions they perform is called a _________ structure.

Functional

What is a key driver of long-term organizational performance?

Innovation

Human resource problems and managerial behaviors are examples of

Internal issues

Daniel Kahneman describes two types of thinking in his book Thinking, Fast and Slow. Why is System 1 "fast"?

It is instinctive. It is automatic. It relies on mental shortcuts.

Which of the following statements is true about team adaptive capacity? (Check all that apply.)

It is the ability to make needed changes in response to demands put on the team. It is a critical element of effective, high-performing teams.

Bernard Bass concluded that leaders manage, and managers do what?

Lead

What should managers do when it comes to stress reduction?

Lead by example.

A system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons is called a(n)

Organization

Stress that is associated with positive emotions and outcomes is called:

eustress

By appealing to followers' values, motives, and personal identity, ________ leaders transform followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests.

transformational