Business Ethics ch 9&10

The geological era in which human activity has dominated the impact on climate and the environment is called the

Anthropocene era.

Which pattern of consumption is recommended to reduce humanity's energy usage?

Consume less and purchase less harmful products.

How do companies that reduce waste, recycle, and operate efficiently impact their costs?

Costs are generally reduced

The most environmentally proactive companies tend to have strong support from

boards of directors.

When companies develop a reputation for environmental excellence to attract environmentally aware customers, this is called

brand differentiation.

The global population is currently

growing exponentially.

The category of cross-media environmental law refers to

oversight of pollution with multiple impacts on air, water, and land.

A company that installs sensors to drive efficient water usage is adopting which sustainability strategy?

technological innovation

The percentage of people in a country who live in a city or town as compared to rural areas is called

urbanization

An example of industrial ecology in practice is

using waste from one process as raw material for another process.

Which recent addition to the Convention on Climate Change set limits on average global temperature rise?

Paris Agreement

Under U.S. sentencing guidelines, how would firms facing environmental violations typically be treated if they had an active compliance program and fully cooperated with investigators?

Their sentence would likely be lighter.

What was the primary indicator that General Motors is trying to become a corporate sustainability leader, according to the case "General Motors' Drive for Carbon Neutrality"?

They announced a plan to become carbon neutral, meaning zero carbon emissions, by 2040.

Sustainability leaders have found that the most effective environmental management approach involves

a team of line managers from across the business organization.

The practice of aligning executive pay to their success at meeting sustainability goals is an example of which management technique?

alignment of rewards and incentives

Sustainable organizations use complex auditing and forecasting techniques to

anticipate external influences on the firm.

The term for the number and variety of species and the range of their genetic makeup is

biodiversity.

By promoting the use of clean cookstoves in developing nations, a global alliance hopes to reduce

black carbon.

General Motors' attempt to create a distinguished reputation for environmental excellence by announcing a full suite of 30 new EVs is an example of what, according to the case "General Motors' Drive for Carbon Neutrality"?

brand differentiation

An organization that produces net zero emissions of greenhouse gases is achieving

carbon neutrality

Life-cycle analysis involves

collecting information on the lifelong environmental impact of a product, from cradle to grave.

Possible costs of environmental regulation include all of the following except

corporate restructuring.

These organizations recognize stewardship of the natural environment as one of their core responsibilities.

corporate sustainability leaders

The commitments of the Convention on Biological Diversity include

developing national conservation strategies.

The amount of land and water a human population needs to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes given prevailing technology is called

ecological footprint.

The government imposing high taxes on new cars, with exceptions for electric vehicles, is an example of which type of pollution control method?

emissions charges or fees

Product stewardship refers to the idea that companies have responsibility for the environmental impact of their goods

even after they are sold.

In the United States, most solid waste ends up

in landfills

The process of firms buying and selling the right to pollute is an example of which type of environmental regulation?

market-based

The world's supply of geology, soil, air, water, and all living things is called

natural capital.

The concept of businesses not emitting more pollutants than they remove or offset is called

net zero.

The largest single source of global methane emissions derives from

oil and gas wells.

A thin layer of gas that protects the earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun is

ozone.

According to the case "Clean Cooking," the widespread adoption of clean cookstoves would provide which benefit?

reduced health risks

The term circular economy refers to a production system that is

regenerative by design.

Every environmental regulation must be initially evaluated for its costs and benefits in a process called

regulatory impact analysis.

Environmental regulations stimulate some sectors of the economy by

saving jobs in industries like fishing and tourism when natural areas are protected or restored. compelling businesses to become more efficient by conserving energy. creating jobs in industries such as environmental consulting, recycling, and solar panel installation. Answer: all of these choices are correct

In the United States, the federal government regulates which of the following major areas of environmental protection?

solid and hazardous waste

The role of chief sustainability officer has recently evolved to include

strategic thinking and leadership.

What is the purpose of an environmental partnership?

to leverage the strengths of each partner to improve the environment

An example of industrial ecology in practice is

using waste from one process as raw material for another process

About how much has the Earth warmed since 1880, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?

1 degree Celsius

Air pollution is accurately described by which statement?

Air pollution occurs when more pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere than can be safely absorbed and diluted by natural processes.

The Toxic Substances Control Act is accurately described by which of the following?

It established a national policy to regulate, restrict, and, if necessary, ban toxic chemicals.

Sustainable development through technology cooperation is best illustrated by

Microsoft providing the Jane Goodall Institute with animal migration tracking tools

What is one reason humanity continues to breach planetary boundaries?

Nature's feedback on human actions tends to be delayed until it's too late.

The annual EPA report Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is an example of which environmental policy type?

information disclosure

The instrumental argument for promoting sustainability management is that it

makes sense from a business perspective

Natural assets such as oil and coal are considered to be what type of resource?

nonrenewable