Cell Design

Diffusion

The natural tendency of molecules to move from higher to lower concentration

Plasma Membrane

The outer layer of a cell which acts as a gatekeeper to the cell. Has a bilayer of phospholipids with protein dispersed throughout

Where does the energy required for the mechanism for "active transport" come from?

The product of ATP decomposition

Protein in Facilitated Diffusion

Used to move insoluble molecules across the plasma membrane; diffusion supplies the power

Polar

Having slightly negative and positive charged ends

Bilayer

Having two layers

Glucose

Blood sugar used by the cells in the production of energy

Cytokinesis

Causes the separation of the cytoplasm

Phagocytosis

Cell engulfs microorganisms in cell "eating"

Pinocytosis

Cell engulfs molecules in cell "drinking". Transports proteins and nucleic acids

Phospholipid

Makes up a plasma membrane together with protein

Active Transport

Molecules "pumped" in or out from low to high concentration. Transports sodium and potassium

Facilitated Diffusion

Molecules helped by protein, move insoluble molecules across plasma membrane. Transports glucose and amino acids

Passive Diffusion

Molecules move in and out freely from high to low concentration. Oxygen, carbon dioxide

What happen when the required direction of transport is opposed to concentration levels?

A cell will expand energy to force ions across it's membrane

Biochemical

A chemical substance coming from an organism

Nucleic acid

A group of biochemicals containing including DNA and RNA

Protein

A long chain molecule made up of amino acids

Which two types of transport may the cell utilize if a large molecule or organism cannot pass through the membrane?

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Chromosome

Rod-shaped structure contains the genes

Genes

Segments of DNA contained on chromosomes

Amino acid

The chemical unit or building block of protein