Cellular Respiration
how many ATP are produced in the krebs cycle per molecule of pyruvic acid?
1
name the three stages of respiration in the order in which they occur
1. glycolysis 2. krebs cycle 3. ETC
the total number of NADH entering the ETC is?
10
the fate of pyruvic depends on the presence or absence of oxygen. in the presence of oxygen, pyruvic will be used in {14}, but in the absence of oxygen, pyruvic will enter {15}
14. mitochondria 15. fermentation
the purpose of the coenzymes NAD and FAD is to carry {16} ions to the stage of respiration called {17}
16. high-energy electron 17. ETC
during glycolysis, glucose is the first converted into molecules of {19} and then further converted into the end product called {20}
19. PGAL 20. pyruvic acid
how many ATP are produced for each FADH2 that enters the ETC?
2
how many NADH are produced in glycolysis?
2
the total number of FADH2 entering the ETC is?
2
in glycolysis, {27} ATP are actually produced, but {28} ATP are used to start the reaction, giving a net gain of {29}ATP
27. 4 28. 2 29. 2
for each molecule of pyruvic acid going through respiration, how many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced?
3
how many ATP are produced for each NADH that enters the ETC?
3
what is the total number of ATP that can be produced per one molecule of glucose?
38
the high energy electrons being carried by {41} and {42} are passed from one protein to the next.
41. NAD+ 42. FAD
at the end of the ETC, the electrons and hydrogen will be combined with {43} to form {44}.
43. oxygen 44. water
at each step, a small amount of energy is released. this energy is used to pump {45} ions across the membrane from the {46} to the {47} space.
45. hydrogen 46. matrix 47. membrane
hydrogen ions flow through this enzyme, turning a rotor. Each rotation attaches a phosphate to {49} to form {50}.
49. ADP 50. ATP
this type of respiration performed by the yeast is called {54}. this process occurs when there is no {55} available. in this process, pyruvic acid is converted into molecules of {56}. this process is important to the baking industry. the bread dough rises when {57} is produced during this type of respiration.
54. alcohol fermentation 55. oxygen 56. ethyl alcohol 57. carbon dioxide
the process that occurs in muscle cells that causes cramping is called {58}. this occurs during periods of strenuous exercise. the cells have to quickly convert glucose to {59} which uses up all the {60} available to the cells. pyruvic acid is then converted to {61} which lowers the pH in the muscle causing cramping.
58. lactic acid fermentation 59. ATP 60. oxygen 61. lactic acid
how many total NADH are produced in the krebs cycle per molecule of glucose?
6
also embedded in the mitochondrial membranes are enzymes called {48}.
ATP synthase
the purpose of the krebs cycle is to churn out molecules of what three types (excluding waste products)?
ATP, NADH, FADH2
what is the equation for respiration? [NEED TO KNOW # OF MOLECULES IN EQUATION]
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP(energy).
the type of respiration that does require oxygen
aerobic
while photosynthesis occurs only in green plants, respiration occurs in
all living things
the type of respiration that does not require oxygen
anaerobic
respiration will take the products of photosynthesis and convert them into
carbon dioxide and oxygen
the process of converting glucose to ATP is called?
cellular respiration
what is the name of the coenzyme that will carry acetate into the krebs cycle
coenzyme A
in what part of the mitochondria does the ETC occur?
cristae
the ETC is a series of proteins embedded in the {40} of the mitochondria.
cristae
the collection of folded membranes that are found inside the mitochondria are called?
cristae
photosynthesis produces two products
glucose and oxygen
the stage of respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm
glycolysis
energy exits the ecosystem in the form of
heat
name two stages of respiration that are aerobic.
krebs cycle and ETC
in what part of the mitochondria does the krebs cycle occur?
matrix
energy flows into an ecosystem in the form of
sunlight
at the end of the ETC, hydrogen will be bonded to oxygen to form?
water
