Ch 10

The nurse is preparing a presentation for a health fair which will illustrate the development of a baby. The nurse should point out the fertilized egg is implanted in the endometrium by which day?

10

Which factor suggests that a child's disorder is a X-linked inherited one? Male children of an affected male are free of the disease. Male and female children have the disease equally. One of the parents of the child has the disorder. The disease will have occurred in a female grandparent.

Male children of an affected male are free of the disease. Explanation: X-linked disorders occur only in males. Neither parent will have the disorder; male children of an affected individual will be disease-free because the disease is carried on the X, not Y, chromosome.

A group of nursing students are preparing a presentation depicting the fetal circulation. The instructor determines the presentation is successful when the students correctly illustrate which route for the ductus arteriosus? The left to right heart atria The aorta to the pulmonary veins The right ventricle to the aorta The pulmonary artery to the aorta

The pulmonary artery to the aorta Explanation: Because the fetal lungs are not inflated, blood must be diverted past them. The ductus arteriosus helps to do this by shunting blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta. The foramen ovale diverts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs. The ductus venosus diverts a portion of blood from the umbilicus to the inferior vena cava instead of passing through the liver first.

The nurse is assessing a young female who just found out she is pregnant. She is is now reporting vague abdominal discomfort. After noting the client has a history of PID, the nurse predicts the health care provider will give priority to ruling out which situation? Ectopic pregnancy Repeat PID UTI Endometriosis

Ectopic pregnancy Explanation: An ectopic pregnancy or tubal pregnancy can result when there is blockage or scarring of the fallopian tubes due to infection (PID) or trauma (tubal ligation reversal). Ectopic pregnancy may present with vague signs and symptoms but is the leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester and should be given priority when determining the cause of abdominal complaints. The other choices would be ruled out after the ectopic pregnancy is ruled out.

A client questions the nurse about how her fetus's gender is determined. The nurse's most accurate reply would be that gender of the fetus is determined when: gametes from the mother and gametes from the father are joined during meiosis. mitosis occurs, which divides the chromosomes in half from both the sperm and ovum. a haploid number of cells from each parent join to form the new embryo. the chromosomes that determine gender divide on the uterus prior to implantation.

gametes from the mother and gametes from the father are joined during meiosis. Explanation: Meiosis occurs in the testes and ovaries, which forms two gametes, containing a haploid number of chromosomes, which is 23, for each cell. The two gametes then join during fertilization to form the embryo. Mitosis is the division and replication of somatic or body cells, not chromosomes. Only chromosomes divide into haploid numbers, not somatic cells. Chromosomal division occurs in the testes and ovaries, not the uterus.

A client who is 15 weeks' gestation is attending prenatal classes and asks the nurse, "What changes in development has my baby made?" Which statements would the nurse include in the response? Select all that apply. "Soft hair covers your baby's head." "Your baby makes sucking motions now with its mouth." "You will be able to detect quickening." "The increase in weight of your baby has stopped now." "Your baby's lungs are ready for life outside the uterus."

"Soft hair covers your baby's head." "Your baby makes sucking motions now with its mouth." "You will be able to detect quickening." Explanation: During weeks 13 through 16, a fine hair called lanugo develops on the head. The fetus makes active movement, sucking motions are made with the mouth, weight quadruples, and fetal movement (also known as quickening) is detected by mother. Alveoli of the lungs have not developed, and thus lungs are not ready for life outside the womb.

A nursing instructor identifies a further need for instruction in regards to the three stages of fetal development when a nursing student makes which statement? "The pre-embryonic stage begins approximately 2 weeks after fertilization." "The embryonic stage begins approximately 2 weeks after fertilization." "The fetal stage begins at 9 weeks after fertilization." "The fetal stage ends at birth."

"The pre-embryonic stage begins approximately 2 weeks after fertilization." Explanation: The three stages of human development are the pre-embryonic stage, which begins at fertilization and lasts through the end of the second week after fertilization; the embryonic stage, which begins approximately 2 weeks after fertilization and ends at the conclusion of the 8th week after fertilization; and the fetal stage, which begins approximately 9 weeks after fertilization and ends at birth.

A woman is to undergo quad screening testing. The nurse would anticipate that this test would be done at which time? 12 weeks gestation 16 weeks gestation 20 weeks gestation 24 weeks gestation

16 weeks gestation

A pregnant client arrives at the community health center for a routine check-up. She informs the nurse that a relative on her mother's side has hemophilia, and she wants to know the chances of her child acquiring hemophilia. Which characteristics of hemophilia should the nurse explain to the client to help her understand the odds of acquiring the disease? Select all that apply. Affected individuals will have affected parents. Affected individuals are usually males. Daughters of an affected male are unaffected and are not carriers. Female carriers have a 50% chance of transmitting the disorder to their sons. Females are affected by the condition if it is a dominant X-linked disorder.

Affected individuals are usually males. Female carriers have a 50% chance of transmitting the disorder to their sons. Females are affected by the condition if it is a dominant X-linked disorder. Explanation: The nurse should explain to the client that individuals with hemophilia are usually males. Female carriers have a 50% chance of transmitting the disorder to their sons, and females are affected by the condition if it is a dominant X-linked disorder. Offspring of nonhemophilic parents may be hemophilic. Daughters of an affected male are usually carriers.

A nurse is teaching a prenatal class and is asked the purpose of amniotic fluid. Which statements are correct? Select all that apply. Amniotic fluid promotes fetal movement enhancing musculoskeletal development. The amount of amniotic fluid does not fluctuate throughout pregnancy. Sufficient amounts of amniotic fluid cushion the fetus from trauma. Amniotic fluid allows the fetal umbilical cord to be relatively free from compression. Sufficient amounts of amniotic fluid help the fetus maintain a constant body temperature.

Amniotic fluid promotes fetal movement enhancing musculoskeletal development. Sufficient amounts of amniotic fluid cushion the fetus from trauma. Amniotic fluid allows the fetal umbilical cord to be relatively free from compression. Sufficient amounts of amniotic fluid help the fetus maintain a constant body temperature. Explanation: Sufficient amounts of amniotic fluid help maintain a constant body temperature for the fetus, permit symmetric growth and development, cushion the fetus from trauma, allow the umbilical cord to be relatively free from compression, and promote fetal movement to enhance musculoskeletal development. The volume of amniotic fluid is important in determining fetal well-being. Amniotic fluid gradually fluctuates throughout the pregnancy.

A couple has just learned that their unborn son has a chromosome disorder that results in an extra X chromosome. The primary care provider explains that secondary sex characteristics will not develop in this child at puberty and that his testes will remain small and produce ineffective sperm. The nurse recognizes that this child likely has: Klinefelter syndrome. Turner syndrome. fragile X syndrome. Down syndrome.

Klinefelter syndrome. Explanation: Infants with Klinefelter syndrome are males with an extra X chromosome. At puberty, secondary sex characteristics do not develop; the child's testes remain small and produce ineffective sperm. Turner syndrome occurs in females and is characterized by only one functional X chromosome. Fragile X syndrome is an X-linked disorder in which one long arm of an X chromosome is defective, which results in inadequate protein synaptic responses; it results in intellectual disability in males. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is characterized by an extra chromosome at chromosome 21.

The nursing instructor is teaching a class on the structures vital to the development of the fetus. The instructor determines the class is successful when the class correctly chooses which fact concerning amniotic fluid? Produced by fetal membranes Amniotic fluid is 90% water Production stops in the eighth month Helps the fetus regulate body temperature

Produced by fetal membranes Explanation: Amniotic fluid is formed by the fetal membranes, the amnion and chorion, on a constant basis until birth. It is 98% to 99% water, with the remaining 1% to 2% composed of electrolytes, creatinine, urea, glucose, hormones, fetal cells, lanugo, and vernix. It serves four main functions: physical protection, temperature regulation, provision of unrestricted movement, and symmetrical growth. The fetus is unable to regulate its own body temperature so the amniotic fluid provides this function.

What is the main purpose of the chorionic villi? Adhere the blastocyst to the endometrial lining Form the tissues that will become the placenta Produce amniotic fluid Provide an exchange site for the exchange of nutrients and wastes

Provide an exchange site for the exchange of nutrients and wastes Explanation: The chorionic villi eventually become the fetal part of the placenta where the exchange of nutrients and wastes occurs.

A nurse educator is describing the structures of the fetal heart to a pregnant client. What information would the nurse likely include in the description? Select all that apply. The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. The ductus arteriosus connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta. The foramen ovale is an anatomic opening between the right and left atrium. The ductus arteriosus connects the main pulmonary vein to the vena cava. The foramen ovale is an anatomic opening between the right and left ventricles.

The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. The ductus arteriosus connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta. The foramen ovale is an anatomic opening between the right and left atrium.

At a prenatal class, the nurse educator describes the function of the placenta. What information would the nurse likely include? Select all that apply. The placenta makes hormones to control the way the fetus is supplied with nutrients and oxygen. The placenta ensures that the fetus is protected from all teratogens. The placenta removes the waste products that the fetus produces. The placenta stimulates the mother to bring more food to the placenta. The placenta produces hormones that ready fetal organs for life outside the uterus. The placenta acts as a barrier between the mother and fetus.

The placenta makes hormones to control the way the fetus is supplied with nutrients and oxygen. The placenta removes the waste products that the fetus produces. The placenta stimulates the mother to bring more food to the placenta. The placenta produces hormones that ready fetal organs for life outside the uterus.

Amniotic fluid does not grow stagnant because: amniotic fluid is constantly formed by the amnion. amniotic fluid is constantly absorbed by the chorion. the fetal urine increases the bulk of amniotic fluid. amniotic fluid circulates through the chorionic villi.

amniotic fluid is constantly formed by the amnion. Explanation: Amniotic fluid is formed by the amnion; a main portion of it is swallowed by the fetus.

A female client has the Huntington's disease gene. She and her husband want to have a child but are apprehensive about possibly transmitting the disease to their newborn child. They have strong views against abortion. They would also like to have their "own" child and would consider adopting only as a last resort. Which action would be most appropriate in this situation? undergoing prenatal diagnosis with prenatal choice of continuing pregnancy using donor gametes for conception of a child opting for a preimplantation genetic diagnosis chancing the conception and birth of a child

opting for a preimplantation genetic diagnosis Explanation: The most appropriate choice would be opting for a preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). A PGD is a genetic evaluation of the embryo created through IVF which will reveal whether the Huntington's disease gene is present in the embryo. Undergoing prenatal diagnosis with prenatal choice of continuing pregnancy is not an option because the client and her husband are against abortion. Chancing the conception and birth of a child involves the risk of passing the gene to the newborn child. Using donor gametes may reduce the risk, but it is against the client's preferences.