Ch 10.1 Blood Cells
What percentage of blood do blood cells make up?
45%
What percentage of blood does plasma make up?
55%
Describe the composition of plasma (percentages)
90% water, 10% protein and salts
Where are blood cells produced?
All blood cells are produced in red bone marrow from a common stem cell, called the hemocytoblast
Describe the structure and function of basophils.
Blue granules containing histamine - initiate the inflammatory response against allergies
Describe the structure of leukocytes.
Contain a nucleus, no hemoglobin, Larger than RBCs, Can exit and re-enter a blood vessel (for infection)
What are the three types of blood cells?
Erythrocytes/Red Blood Cells, Leukocytes/White Blood Cells, Platelets
Describe the two groups of leukocytes
Granulocytes OR Agranulocytes
What is blood cell formation called?
Hematopoiesis
Describe the structure and function of monocytes.
Largest WBC, kidney shaped nuclei - become macrophages which remove dead cell debris
Describe the structure and function of neutrophils.
Lobed purple/blue nuclei - respond 1st to bacterial and fungal infections
What are the two cases of when leukocytosis abnormal?
Mononucleosis and Leukemia
List the WBCs from most to least abundant
Neutrophils (60-70%), Lymphocytes (20-25%), Monocytes (3-8%), Eosinophils (2-4%), Basophils (~1%)
How do you remember the order of WBCs from most to least abundant?
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
When is leukocytosis normal?
Normal when body is fighting bacteria or virus
What two components can blood be divided into?
Plasma and formed elements/blood cells
Describe what blood defends against.
Protection against infection and Prevention of blood loss by clotting
Describe the structure and function of eosinophils.
Red granules - attack parasites
Describe the structure of erythrocytes.
Small, flexible, flattened disks with depressed centers, Lack a nucleus and have few organelles, Large surface area to pick up oxygen, Packed with hemoglobin (Hb)
Describe the structure and function of lymphocyte.
Spherical nuclei fills cell - respond to viral infections
What is Red Blood Cell production controlled by?
The hormone, erythropoietin
Describe the three functions of blood?
Transportation of all substances, Regulation, Defense
What does erythropoietin hormone do?
When blood oxygen levels are low, kidneys release erythropoietin which stimulates the red marrow to produce more RBCs
Describe the function of erythrocytes.
carry oxygen to cells
Describe the function of platelets
clotting the blood
Describe leukopenia and its causes.
decrease in number of WBCs caused by Bone marrow diseases, cancers, HIV, Lupus
Describe the function of leukocytes.
defense and remove waste/damaged cells
Describe leukemia.
group of cancers of WBCs that results in uncontrolled multiplication of ineffective WBCs
Describe leukocytosis
increase in number of WBCs
Describe mononucleoisis.
infection of monocytes with Epstein-Barr Virus resulting in an increase in WBCs
Describe the substances that blood transports.
oxygen from lungs, hormones from endocrine glands, nutrients from digestive tract, waste to elimination sites
Describe what blood regulates.
pH and water balance AND body temperature
Describe the structure of platelets?
very small cell fragments that develop sticky, long external filaments when clotting a wound
