Ch 11

Formaldehyde

Formalin is an aqueous solution of ____ gas that is used as a potent chemical fixative and microbicide

Sepsis

Growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues

4 general cellular targets of antimicrobial agents

Nucleic acid synthesis Protein function The cell wall The cell membrane

Proteins

Nucleic acids are involved in the process of translation to synthesize ___, chains of DNA encoded amino acids

Triclosan

One of the most widely used phenolics used today is ____

Aldehydes

Organic substances that contain a -CHO functional group on a terminal carbon

Irradiation

The bombarding of a substance by waves or particles for diagnosis, therapy, disinfection, or sterilization

Membrane

The cell ___ is responsible for preventing the loss of imp molecules and stopping the entry of damaging substances

Desiccation

The dehydration of microorganisms in order to inhibit or preserve them

Denaturation

The disruption of proteins from their native state

Decontamination

The general term used for the reduction of the microbial load in order to lower the possibility of infection or spoilage

Disinfection

The goal of regular pasteurization methods is the ___ of the liquid

Pasteurization

The heat treatment of perishable liquids to destroy heat sensitize vegetative cells and prevent infection and spoilage

Thermal death point

The lowest temp req to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 min

Slow the activity of microbes

The main effect of cold treatment is to

Degermation

The physical removal of surface oils, debris, And soil from skin to reduce the microbial load

Tyndallization

The process by which materials are subjected to intermittent sterilization

Thermal death time

The shortest length of time req to kill all test microbes at a specified temp

Lipids, proteins

The two types of macromolecules that make up the majority of the cell membrane in organisms

Disinfection

The use of a physical process or a chemical agent to destroy vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores Normally only used on inanimate objects

Pyrimidines

Thymine,uracil, and cytosine are called _____, which are a type of nitrogenous base found in either DNA or RNA

Air, solid surfaces

UV Radiation is effective at disinfecting which types of materials?

Grays

Unit radiation is measured in

Inability to penetrate materials

What is the main limitation of UV radiation

Bacterial endospores

What microbial agent is the most resistant to physical and chemical control methods?

Ribosome

Which cellular structure is involved in translation?

Endospores Thermophilic microbes

Which of the following are not usu destroyed or inactivated w regular pasteurization methods?

Cathode rays,gamma rays,X rays

Which of the following are types of ionizing radiation?

Silver, mercury

Which of the following heavy metals are still used in germicidal medicine?

Ultraviolet

Which of the following is a type of non ionizing radiation?

Inability to produce

Which of the following is the practical def of microbial death

Endospores, viruses

Which of the following microbial forms are relatively resistant to hear?

Cathode Gamma

____&____ X rays are types of ionizing radiation

Antiseptics

_____ are applied directly to the skin to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

Ethylene

_____ oxide is valuable for sterilization of heat sensitive objects such as plastics, surgical and diagnostic appliances, and spices, but other related gases are available that are less toxic

Ultraviolet

_____ radiation is a type of nonionizing radiation and is used to disinfect air and the surfaces of solid objects

Microbiological death

the permanent loss of reproductive capability even under optimum growth conditions

Non ionizing

what type of radiation causes pyrimidine dimers?

Boiling water, pasteurization, nonpressurized steam, steam under pressure

4 ways that moist heat is employed to control microbes

Incineration

A dry heat method that is commonly used in student laboratories to sterilize inoculating loops and wires

Halogens

A group of nonmetallic elements with antimicrobial applications, including Bromine, Iodine, Chlorine, and Florine

Non ionizing

A method of microbial control that causes the formation of and normal bonds within the DNA of microbes, increasing the rate of mutation

Sterilization

A process that destroys or removes all viable microorganisms including viruses

Tinctures

Antimicrobial solutions with alcohol or water-alcohol mixtures as the solvent are called _____

Aqueous

Antimicrobial solutions with water as the solvent are called ____ solutions

Chemical

Antiseptics are ____ agents applied to the skin to inhibit vegetative bacterial cells

Asepsis

Any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues and thus prevent infection

Antisepsis

Application of chemical agents to exposed body surfaced and surgical incisions to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

Iodophors

Are complexes of iodine and alcohol

Endospores Prions Virus

Are relatively resistant to heat

Kill

Bactericides ____ bacteria

Disinfection, sanitization

Boiling water can bc effective means of ___ in the clinic and home

Ionizing radiation

Consists of short wave electromagnetic rays (such as X rays) that cause ejection of electrons from target molecules and the creation of ions

Radiation

Electromagnetic waves or rays, such as those of light given off from an energy source

Disinfection

Examples of _____ include immersing thermometers in an iodine solution bw uses