ch. 13 & 15 pathophysio
In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
which type of leukemia primarily affects children?
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?
CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is
activity restriction
while in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia, a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. the most appropriate action for this is
activity restriction
the only known curative treatment for CML is
allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor
a commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is
aspirin
Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as
bicarbonate ion
a cause of thrombocytopenia includes
chemotherapy
The final step in clot formation is
clot retraction
the final step in clot formation is
clot retraction
When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow
decreases
severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome is an example of
deficient immune response
widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called
disseminated intravascular coagulation
Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
a laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia
elevated total iron binding capacity
the most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is
erythropoietin
The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is
erythropoietin administration
the prothrombrin (PT) time and international normalized ratio (INR) measure the integrity of
extrinsic pathway
Treatment for hemophilia A includes
factor VIII replacement.
treatment for hemophillia. A includes
factor viii replacement
RBC obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of
glucose
Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they
have no cytoplasmic organelles
blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries
have the largest total cross sectional area
a 3 year old boy suffers from prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPIT but a normal platelet count is likely to be diagnosed with
hemophilia
which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease
hiv/aids
myasthenia gravis is a type 2 hypersensitivity disorder that involves
impaired muscle function
which conditions enhances lymphatic flow?
increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
the effects of histamine release include
increased vascular permeability
Venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure.
increases capillary hydrostatic
The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is
infection
the patient is a 12 year old boy diagnosed with Acute lymphoid leukemia as part of the treatment the patient must go through several weeks of chemo, the most serious complication of chemo
infection
Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because
massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation
the most effective treatment for polycythemia is
measured to improve oxygenation
which causes vasoconstriction
norepinephrine
which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL
pain in long bones, infection, bruising
what laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?
pancytopenia
A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs
platelet adhesion to injured tissue
The megakaryocyte is a precursor to
platelets
The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to
prevent further clot formation
transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by
recipient antibodies
what is the affect on resistance if the radius of a vessel is halved?
resistance increases by a factor of 16
autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which
stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the SAME patient
which disorder is associated with type 3 hypersensitivity mechanism of injury
systemic lupus erythematosus
A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with
telangiectasia
Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by
the autonomic nervous system
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of
the intrinsic pathway
which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?
thrombocytopenia
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by
tissue thromboplastin.
Peripheral edema is a result of
venous thrombosis
a normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count and increased prothrombin time INR is indicative of
vitamin K deficiency
the arterial oxygen content for a patient with PA02 100 MM HG, SA02 95%, and hemoglobin 15 G-DL is
19.4
in general the best prognosis for long term disease free survival occurs with
ALL
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?
Absent peripheral pulses
A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is
Bence Jones proteins in the urine
Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with
Epstein-Barr virus.
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?
HIV/AIDS
Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called _____ proteins.
HLA or MHC
Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count?
Hemolytic anemia
Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?
Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
What is necessary for red blood cell production?
Iron
A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency
Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?
Jaundice
which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?
Jaundice
The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the
Kidney
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?
Liver
renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease
Myeloma
Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?
Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising
Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease
T
The anemia resulting from a deficiency of either vitamin B12 (cobalamin) or folate is caused by a disruption in DNA synthesis of the blast cells in the bone marrow that produces very large abnormal bone marrow cells called megaloblasts
T
The only known curative treatment for CML is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor.
T
Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord
T
Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?
Thrombocytopenia