CH 14

A patient recently admitted to the hospital is complaining of auditory hallucinations. She might be treated with:

Thorazine.

Since Eysenck's study, numerous studies have been conducted to look at the effectiveness of psychotherapy; generally, these studies suggested what about the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

Those that sought therapy were more likely to improve than those that did not.

_____ emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy.

Carl Rogers

_____ is a type of treatment that physically changes the brain's functioning. a. Biomedical therapy b. Systematic desensitization c. Cognitive-behavioral therapy d. Counterconditioning

a. Biomedical therapy

Although developed to treat depression, _____ have also proven successful in treating numerous other disorders.

antidepressants

To help Jacob overcome his smoking habit, a therapist puts him in a room with a carton of cigarettes laced with a chemical to induce nausea. He displays images of the dangers of smoking both on the walls and on a television set. This approach to treatment best illustrates:

aversive conditioning.

_____ therapy is a type of treatment that physically changes the brain's functioning.

biomedical

The aim of Freud's therapy was to:

bring a patient's repressed feelings into conscious awareness.

Therapy is likely to be most effective when a client's problem is:

clear-cut.

Nancy's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is most likely _____.

client-centered (humanistic)

Antipsychotic drugs are to _____ as a cork is to a _____.

dopamine receptors; bottle

The double-blind technique is most likely to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of _____.

drug therapies

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be using a(n) _____ approach. client-centered eclectic humanistic psychoanalytic

eclectic

Marlow is suffering from schizophrenia. In addition to medication, Marlow sees a therapist once a week to help him re-socialize and modify his maladaptive behaviors. Marlow's therapist is most likely using what approach?

eclectic

This treatment was originally performed without a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment.

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates:

systematic desensitization.

_____ therapists have attempted to reduce the inner conflicts that are impeding natural developmental growth by providing clients with new insights.

humanistic

Classical psychoanalysts are especially interested in:

interpreting the meaning of clients' resistance to therapeutic procedures.

Although group therapy does not provide the same degree of therapist involvement as individual therapy it does provide all of the following EXCEPT:

it is easier to schedule an appointment for.

For the last three months, Selma has been seeing her therapist weekly. She may be feeling much better because:

of all of the reasons listed may have been effective in her therapeutic treatment.

A token economy incorporates _____ to modify behaviors by reinforcing desired behaviors with tokens that can be exchanged for various treats.

operant conditioning procedures

Catherine has been in therapy for 2 years, but her last session is today. If you ask her next month how effective her psychotherapy was, she is likely to _____ its effectiveness.

overestimate

All of the following have been successfully treated with cognitive therapy EXCEPT:

phobias

Except for traditional _____, most therapies may also occur in small groups.

psychoanalysis

Antipsychotic medications, such as Thorazine, help deal with symptoms associated with _____, or the split with reality commonly seen with schizophrenia.

psychosis

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This best illustrates a procedure known as:

psychosurgery.

It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because:

testimonials from former patients can be misleading.

Unconditional positive regard is a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which this therapist believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Carl Rogers

Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of which type of drugs? antianxiety antipsychotic antidepressant mood-stabilizing

antipsychotic

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of: a. interpreting the meaning of clients' nonverbal behaviors. b. enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted. c. helping clients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences. d. discouraging clients from using antianxiety or antidepressant drugs.

b. enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted.

Systematic desensitization is a form of: a. aversive conditioning. b. exposure therapy. c. resistance. d. electroconvulsive therapy.

b. exposure therapy.

Medical doctors who prescribe medications for individuals with serious psychological disorders are: a. counseling psychologists. b. psychiatrists. c. clinical psychologists. d. psychiatric social workers.

b. psychiatrists.

A therapist follows an eclectic approach and believes in using these two research-supported therapies for treating a client's depression. a. cognitive-behavior therapy and humanistic therapy b. psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy c. exposure therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy d. humanistic therapy and behavior modification

b. psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy

A patient at a mental health clinic is suffering from involuntary movements of his facial muscles and tongue. It is possible this _____ may be a side effect of his long-term use of antipsychotic medication. a. transcranial stimulation b. tardive dyskinesia c. resistance d. aversive conditioning

b. tardive dyskinesia

As a parent, you are skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When you arrive at the psychologist's office, you ask about what is the empirically supported treatment for bed-wetting as your 6-year-old son has been having difficulties. You learn that _____ is the empirically supported treatment.

behavior modification or conditioning therapies.

_____ therapy is empirically supported for treating bed-wetting.

behavioral

Carlos is suffering from bipolar disorder, a disorder where Carlos' mood shifts between periods of depression, periods of mania, and normal functioning. To help control the symptoms of his disorder, Carlos takes medication regularly. Carlos most likely sees a therapist who specializes in what type of therapy?

biomedical therapy

You recognize that depressed people do not exhibit the same self-serving bias common in nondepressed people. You are most likely a _____ therapist.

cogntive

_____ is a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors.

counterconditioning

The MOST effective psychotherapists seem to be those who:

establish an empathic, caring relationship with their clients.

To help Kyle reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates _____.

systematic desensitization

ECT was first introduced in _____.

1938

The introduction of therapeutic drugs and community-based treatment programs in the _____ helped to empty large mental hospitals as well as mark an era of improved treatments.

1950s

After 3 days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to _____ for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect.

4 weeks

After three sessions of ECT each week for 2 to 4 weeks, _____ percent or more people suffering from severe depression improve markedly.

80

The patient Dr. Patel admitted to the unit has paranoid schizophrenia. Her orders call for 150 mg of Seroquel and 1-2 mg of this antianxiety medication to relax the patient. This medication is: Clozaril. Thorazine. Ativan. Risperdal.

Ativan

This medication was originally used to treat epilepsy and is also found effective in the control of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder.

Depakote

_____ strive to boost self-fulfillment by helping people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Humanistic Therapist

Which of the following is NOT a reason that some people are critical of reports of the success of psychotherapy? a. People who participate in psychotherapy are often in crisis to begin with. b. People who participate in psychotherapy often regret the experience. c. People who participate in psychotherapy often become fond of their therapists. d. People who participate in psychotherapy have to justify the money they spent.

b. People who participate in psychotherapy often regret the experience.

Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of which type of drugs? a. antianxiety b. antipsychotic c. antidepressant d. mood-stabilizing

b. antipsychotic

You recognize that depressed people do not exhibit the same self-serving bias common in nondepressed people. You are most likely a:

cognitive therapist.

Your therapist believes in using only empirically supported therapies for treating your depression. She will probably use:

cognitive therapy.

This is a widely practiced integrative therapy which aims not only to alter the way people think, but also to alter the way they act.

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A therapy is likely to be MOST effective when a client's problem is: a. self-inflicted. b. a response to a stressful life situation. c. the result of unconscious conflicts. d. clear-cut and specific.

d. clear-cut and specific.

Which type of therapy most often uses virtual reality technology? a. light exposure therapy b. psychodynamic therapy c. humanistic therapy d. exposure therapy

d. exposure therapy

_____ was originally used to treat epilepsy and is also found effective in the control of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder.

depatoke

Angelina is suffering from depression. Once a week she sees a therapist and with the therapist's help she has begun to explore her past experiences and how they might have contributed to her depression. In addition, Angelina's therapist has Angelina begin to adopt new ways of thinking about the current events in her life. Angelina's therapist is more than likely using which type of therapy?

psychotherapy

This treatment involves a therapist using psychological techniques to assist someone seeking help.

psychotherapy

Researchers randomly assign people on a waiting list to therapy or no therapy in _____ clinical trials.

randomized

Today, Ellen is going to the mental health clinic for a new treatment. During the procedure her brain will be exposed to repeated pulses of magnetic energy. This type of treatment is known as:

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

Mel and her doctor are trying to decide which medication Mel should use to reduce her psychotic symptoms. Her doctor told her that the first-generation dopamine-blocking drugs can have side effects such as:

twitches and tremors.

With or without treatment, about _____ had symptom improvement according to Eysenck's research.

two-thirds

Given a nonjudgmental, grace-filled environment that provides _____, people may accept their worst traits and feel valued and whole.

unconditional positive regard

This therapy progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

virtual reality exposure therapy

For the last three months, Selma has been seeing her therapist weekly. Which is most likely NOT a reason she is feeling much better? a. Her therapist maintains a professional distance. b. Her therapist is empathic and she feels he cares about her. c. She has been given a new perspective. d. She has more hope.

a. Her therapist maintains a professional distance.

Which of these drugs is an antianxiety agent? a. Xanax b. Prozac c. Clozaril d. Thorazine

a. Xanax

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Sanchez's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for his inability to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is MOST representative of: a. systematic desensitization. b. psychoanalysis. c. cognitive therapy. d. client-centered therapy.

c. cognitive therapy.

Humanistic therapists refer to those in therapy as:

clients

The most effective psychotherapists are those who establish a(n) _____, caring relationship with their clients

empathic

Cognitive therapists are most likely to:

emphasize the importance of clients' personal interpretations of life events.

_____ is the cultural belief that gives priority to personal desires and identity.

individualism