ch 16

By 1890, the majority of Americans:

worked for wages

Which of the following was included in theatrical and dime novel depictions of the American West?

Amazing feats of skilled horseback riding, roping, and shooting.

Which of the following statements about nineteenth-century Chinese immigrants to the United States is accurate?

By 1880, three-fourths of Chinese immigrants lived in California, where many worked on farms.

Why did President James Buchanan replace Utah's territorial governor Brigham Young with a non- Mormon appointee in 1857?

It became known that the work of federal judges in Utah was being obstructed.

Why did western territories take longer than eastern territories to achieve statehood?

Many easterners were wary of granting statehood until white and non-Mormon settlers counterbalanced the large Latino and Mormon populations.

How did the expansion of railroads accelerate the second industrial revolution in America?

Railroads created a true national market for U.S. goods.

What did William G. Sumner believe social classes owed each other?

Respect and equality.

What criticism did Henry Demarest Lloyd leverage against Rockefeller's Standard Oil in Wealth against Commonwealth (1892)?

Standard Oil was undermining fair competition in the marketplace.

Which of the following properly assesses the direction of the "Christian lobby" in the Gilded Age?

The "Christian lobby" sought more to legislate individual morality rather than to improve society.

How did the American Catholic Church act during the Gilded Age?

The American Catholic Church saw a growing number of clergy advocate social justice and reform.

The second industrial revolution was marked by:

the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.

Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

The railroad strike signaled the nation's shift from southern reconstruction to the question of labor and class tensions.

Which statement about the theory of Social Darwinism is FALSE?

The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.

How were skilled workers able to secure new freedoms for themselves in rapidly expanding industries?

Their knowledge allowed them to control the production process and the training of apprentices.

Why did railroad companies and other businesses form "pools" during the American Gilded Age?

They hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors.

What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?

To civilize the Indians, making them "American," as whites defined the term.

Which of the following does NOT describe the impact of corporations on the American West?

Urban populations in California declined as people moved to the centers of agricultural production.

Which of the following properly compares the U.S. Supreme Court's approach to organization in business and labor during the Gilded Age?

While the Court applied the Sherman Antitrust Act to break down unions, it proved unwilling to endorse any regulation of big business.

The new social order of the Gilded Age:

b.ensured ongoing labor strife and deepening distrust between employees and employers. c. divided CEOs and stockholders into pro-labor and anti-labor camps. (b and c)

The Social Gospel:

called for an equalization of wealth and power.

Bonanza farms:

typically had thousands of acres of land or more.

The Supreme Court in Lochner v. New York:

voided a state law establishing that bakers could work a maximum of sixty hours per week.

The impact of the second industrial revolution on the trans-Mississippi West was:

dramatic as an agricultural empire grew.

The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to:

ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates.

The Grange was an organization that:

established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output.

In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis:

focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums.

The Knights of Labor:

was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms.

The term "Gilded Age" describes all of the following EXCEPT:

an era where the scramble for wealth benefited all Americans equally.

William Cody:

created a "Wild West" show that toured the United States and Europe.

Thomas Edinson

was a railroad owner.

Chinese immigrants to the West:

worked in shoe and cigar factories in western cities.

How did the displacement of native peoples in Australia differ from the experience of Indians in the American West?

Government policy orchestrated the removal of Aboriginal children from their homes for official adoption by whites.

Why was William Tweed so popular with the city's immigrant poor?

He had provided food, fuel, and patronage to them in exchange for their votes.

How did expanding agricultural production in places like Argentina and the American West lead to the migration of rural populations to cities?

Increasing output worldwide pushed down the prices of farm products, making it more difficult for farmers to make ends meet.

According to the authors of the Dawes Severalty Act, what constituted a civilized life for Native Americans in the later nineteenth century?

Individual property ownership and farming on family plots.

Which of the following properly assesses the significance of wage labor in industrializing America during the Gilded Age?

More and more Americans experienced wage labor as a permanent condition on the edge of poverty.

Why was the Hollywood version of the western "cowboy" based more on fantasy than reality?

Most cowboys were low-paid workers, some of whom even went on strike for higher wages.

An example of what the economist and social historian Thorstein Veblen meant by "conspicuous consumption" is:

Mrs. Bradley Martin's costume ball.

Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the government and the economy in the Gilded Age?

Politicians of both major parties favored business and banks and supported a reduction in the money supply and a return to the gold standard.

Which statement about the Haymarket Affair is FALSE?

The Knights of Labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket.

Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890?

The law established a precedent that the national government could regulate the economy in the interest of the public good.

Why did new products like Ivory Soap and Quaker Oats symbolize the continuing integration of the economy in America's Gilded Age?

These products were national brands, sold everywhere across the United States thanks to the expanding railroad network.

What did the books of Henry George, Laurence Gronlond, and Edward Bellamy all have in common?

They all offered decidedly optimistic remedies for the unequal distribution of wealth.

What did Native Americans have in common with the Zulu of South Africa and the aboriginal people in Australia?

They found themselves pushed aside by centralizing government trying to control large interior regions.

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller:

built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets.

In the late nineteenth century, social thinkers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Laurence Gronlund offered numerous plans for change, primarily because they were alarmed by a fear of:

class warfare and the growing power of concentrated capital.

The Civil Service Act of 1883:

created a merit system for government workers.

The nineteenth-century labor movement argued that:

extremes of wealth and poverty threatened democracy.

One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was:

frequent and prolonged economic depressions.

The Plains Indians:

included the Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux.

Nineteenth-century Americans imagined the "Wild West" as all of the following EXCEPT:

isolated farms, where men and women carved out difficult lives on the Great Plains.

All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:

low tariffs

The Indian victory at the Little Bighorn:

only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.

Henry George offered a(n) as a solution for the problem of inequality in America.

single tax

Chief Joseph:

wanted freedom for his people, the Nez Percé.

The Greenback-Labor Party:

wanted the federal government to stop taking money out of circulation.

The Ghost Dance:

was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites.

"Liberal" reformers of the Gilded Age believed:

wealth inequality was inevitable in modern society.

Elections during the Gilded Age:

were closely contested affairs.

Crédit Mobiler and the Whiskey Ring:

were indicative of the corruption in the Grant administration.