Ch. 17.3 Guided Notes

In Peru, through a system known as the ____________, authorities could ____________ native peoples to work in silver mines.

mita; draft

With the establishment of convents, women had an outlet other than marriage; they could become ____________.

nuns

What were the social, economic, and political characteristics of Spanish and Portuguese rule in Latin America?

social characteristics of the Latin American colonies, such as the complex interactions between the various peoples in the colonies and the stratified class system; economic characteristics such as the removal of natural resources, the encomienda and mita systems, and trade with Europe; political characteristics such as government by viceroys and the powerful influence of the Catholic Church and the activities of its missionaries

Social classes in colonial Latin America were based on ____________.

status

Portuguese and Spanish monarchies appointed governor-generals, or ____________, to help govern their colonies in Latin America.

viceroys

Determined to ____________ the native peoples, Catholic ____________ throughout the Spanish Empire brought Native Americans together into missions.

Christianize; missionaries

____________ were Europeans born in Latin America and their descendants. Several ____________ groups were beneath the ____________ and the peninsulares.

Creoles; multiracial; creoles

____________, Spanish and Portuguese officials born in Europe, were the highest social class and maintained power in colonial Latin America.

Peninsulares

Through the ____________ system, Spanish landowners forced Native Americans to pay taxes and provide ____________.

encomienda; labor

The Portuguese and Spanish increased their wealth by removing natural resources like ____________ and ____________ from Latin American land.

gold; silver

Many social groups, such as the ____________ and ____________, emerged as a result of the intermarriage between Europeans and Native Americans or Africans.

mestizos; mulattoes