Ch. 19: Blood

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

albumin

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from

an artery.

Jane has been taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol for a few weeks as treatment for a serious bacterial infection. There is a possibility that a future side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy could cause her to develop problems in blood cell counts. The result is

aplastic anemia

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils.

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

develop into plasma cells

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis.

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen

The plasma protein involved in blood clotting is

fibrinogen

Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she

has antibodies to B agglutinogens.

Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal?

hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

hormone that regulates WBC formation

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

metalloprotein

The function of platelets is to assist in the

process called hemostasis.

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

Patients suffering from Thalassemia require frequent blood transfusions to make up for their short-lived red blood cells. What is the typical lifespan of healthy red blood cells?

120 days

The average life span of a red blood cell is

4 months

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45%

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Coagulation

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?

Coagulation would be prevented.

Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC?

basophil

Blood type is identified primarily by

both the ABO and Rh blood groups.

A moving blood clot is called a(n)

embolus

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

eosinophils

Plasma expanders are used to temporarily increase the volume of blood in a patient. Oftentimes these expanders are components that are naturally found within plasma. Which of the following substances would NOT likely be used as a plasma expander?

erythrocytes

Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the

formed elements

RBC, WBC, and platelets all constitute what part of whole blood?

formed elements

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

basophils

granules contain histamine attract other defense cells granules contain heparin constitute about 1 percent of WBCs

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as

hemosiderin/ferritin

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes.

A blood smear prepared after a venipuncture shows a preponderance of very grainy white blood cells. Which of the following formed elements is not part of this "grainy" group?

monocytes

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

monocytes

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils

The white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the __________.

neutrophils

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils.

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause

pernicious anemia.

neutrophils

phagocytic. active in fighting bacterial infections. also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. granular leukocytes.

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin

The formed elements of blood consist of __________.

platelets, RBCs, WBCs

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

proteins

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of Factor XII by platelet factors.

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called

agglutination.

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.

agglutinogens; agglutinins

Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count.

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

anemia

Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma.

anti B

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?

antibodies

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.

The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called

coagulation.

An infected wound contains typically contains

dead neutrophils. cellular debris. tissue fluids. pus

Eosinophils function in

destroying antibody-labeled antigens.

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

hormone-binding

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

hypovolemic

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the...and Proteins in the blood for defense are called

immunoglobulins

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12.

Plasma is closest in composition to

interstitial fluid.

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme

thrombin

The most abundant component of plasma is (are)

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood