Humoral Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Where is bradykinin released from?

Cleaved from kininogen (from liver)

What is histamine?

Hormone like chemical that is released by the mast cells during allergic reaction

How is histamine upregulated?

Allergens

How is endothelin up-regulated?

Angiotensin II, ADH, shearing force via blood flow

Where is ANP released from?

Atrial myoctres

How is ANP up-regulated?

Atrial stretch

How is bradykinin up-regulated?

Inflammation

How is nitric oxide up-regulated?

Inflammation, sheer force of blood flow

What are the targets of ANP?

Kidneys, vascular smooth muscle

What are the targets of BNP?

Kidneys, vascular smooth muscle

How is ADH up-regulated?

Low blood volume, high serum osmolality

Where is histamine release from?

Mast cells

Where is endothelin released from?

Vascular endothelium

Where is nitric oxide released from?

Vascular endothelium

What are the targets of bradykinin?

Vascular smooth muscle

What are the targets of endothelin?

Vascular smooth muscle

What are the targets of nitric oxide?

Vascular smooth muscle

What are the targets of ADH?

Vascular smooth muscle, renal tubular cells

What is the function of endothelin?

Vasoconstrictor

What is the function of vasopressin (ADH)?

Vasoconstrictor

What is the function of nitric oxide?

Vasodilator

What is the function of bradykinin?

Vasodilator, inflammatory mediator

What is the function of histamine?

Vasodilator, mediator of allergic response

What is the function of Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

Vasodilator, urinary excretion of salt

What is the function of BNP?

Vasodilator, urinary excretion of salt

Where is BNP released from?

Ventricular cardiomyocytes

How is BNP up-regulated?

Ventricular stretch

What are natriuretic peptides?

Hormones that include atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and urodilatin synthesized within the kidney. These hormones are natural antagonists to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

What is the target of histamine?

Smooth muscle (H1 and H2 receptors)

What is vasopressin?

a potent vasoconstrictor released in states of low blood volume or high osmolality. It also stimulates renal water reabsorption. another name for ADH

What is endothelin?

a powerful vasoconstricting agent released from the vascular endothelium and is implicated in diseases such as pulmonary hypertension.

What is nitric oxide?

a vasodilator released by endothelial cells in response to local hemodynamic stress or inflammation. It relaxes vascular endothelial cells.

Where is ADH released from?

posterior pituitary


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