Ch. 19: Blood
Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?
albumin
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are
albumins
When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from
an artery.
Jane has been taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol for a few weeks as treatment for a serious bacterial infection. There is a possibility that a future side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy could cause her to develop problems in blood cell counts. The result is
aplastic anemia
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are
basophils.
Platelets are
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?
develop into plasma cells
The process of red blood cell production is called
erythropoiesis.
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
erythropoietin
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is
fibrinogen
The plasma protein involved in blood clotting is
fibrinogen
Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she
has antibodies to B agglutinogens.
Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal?
hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?
hormone that regulates WBC formation
Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
metalloprotein
The function of platelets is to assist in the
process called hemostasis.
Granulocytes form in
red bone marrow
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the
spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
Patients suffering from Thalassemia require frequent blood transfusions to make up for their short-lived red blood cells. What is the typical lifespan of healthy red blood cells?
120 days
The average life span of a red blood cell is
4 months
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?
45%
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Coagulation
How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?
Coagulation would be prevented.
Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC?
basophil
Blood type is identified primarily by
both the ABO and Rh blood groups.
A moving blood clot is called a(n)
embolus
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the
eosinophils
Plasma expanders are used to temporarily increase the volume of blood in a patient. Oftentimes these expanders are components that are naturally found within plasma. Which of the following substances would NOT likely be used as a plasma expander?
erythrocytes
Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the
formed elements
RBC, WBC, and platelets all constitute what part of whole blood?
formed elements
A hematocrit provides information on
formed elements abundance
basophils
granules contain histamine attract other defense cells granules contain heparin constitute about 1 percent of WBCs
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the
hematocrit
Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as
hemosiderin/ferritin
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
liver
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
megakaryocytes.
A blood smear prepared after a venipuncture shows a preponderance of very grainy white blood cells. Which of the following formed elements is not part of this "grainy" group?
monocytes
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.
monocytes
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?
mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
neutrophils
The white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the __________.
neutrophils
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the
neutrophils.
Surgical removal of the stomach could cause
pernicious anemia.
neutrophils
phagocytic. active in fighting bacterial infections. also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. granular leukocytes.
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is
plasmin
The formed elements of blood consist of __________.
platelets, RBCs, WBCs
The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of
proteins
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the
red bone marrow
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the
release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if
a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
The common pathway of coagulation begins with the
activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator.
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the
activation of Factor XII by platelet factors.
The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called
agglutination.
Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.
agglutinogens; agglutinins
Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect
an increased reticulocyte count.
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.
anemia
Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma.
anti B
Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?
antibodies
The function of red blood cells is to
carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.
A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to
cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.
The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called
coagulation.
An infected wound contains typically contains
dead neutrophils. cellular debris. tissue fluids. pus
Eosinophils function in
destroying antibody-labeled antigens.
Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
hormone-binding
A person who has a low blood volume is said to be
hypovolemic
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the...and Proteins in the blood for defense are called
immunoglobulins
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by
injections of vitamin B12.
Plasma is closest in composition to
interstitial fluid.
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of
iron
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme
thrombin
The most abundant component of plasma is (are)
water
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called
whole blood