ch 19 -Cardiovascular + Lymphatic & Immune Systems

Match the lymphoid structure with the correct characteristic: Spleen.

A filter and reservoir for the blood

Match the following area of a lymph node with its description: Subcapsular sinus.

A large, baglike structure leading into a number of small sinuses

Aggregates of lymphoid nodules located in the wall of the ileum of the small intestine are __________.

Peyer's patches

Where in the lymph node do the T cells first encounter antigens presented by dendritic cells?

deep in the cortex. Yes, the T cells encounter antigens presented by dendritic cells in the deeper part of the cortex. The cortex is the outer area of the lymph node.

The right lymphatic duct drains ________.

the right side of the head and thorax, and the right upper extremity

Which lymphoid organ(s) appear(s) before the others?

thymus

Which of the following is the major lymphoid organ that "trains" T lymphocytes to become immunocompetent?

thymus

Which organs of the lymphatic system might be difficult to find on a cadaver or cadaver images?.

thymus

What is the amount of air that is normally ventilated in one breath?

tidal volume

Which of the following is NOT considered a lymph node function?

to filter blood

In children with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), the walls of the alveoli cling to each other and make them difficult to inflate. It is common in babies born prematurely. What cells in these infants are NOT fully developed and are NOT doing their job?

type II alveolar cells

The semilunar valves are forced open when

ventricular pressure exceeds the pressure in the large arteries leaving the heart

How is the degree of oxygenation of the blood related to skin color?

when the blood is oxygen-rich, skin will be pink or red

Areas of lymphocytes suspended by reticular fibers in the spleen are known as __________.

white pulp

Which of the following areas in a secondary lymphoid organ allows intimate contact between blood and the lymphocytes?

white pulp of the spleen. the white pulp is where lymphocytes are concentrated and the immune functions take place in the spleen.

Where are Peyer's patches located?

distal portion of the small intestine

The main role of the tonsils is to __________.

gather and remove pathogens entering through the pharynx

Lymph from which region of the body is drained through the highlighted structures?

legs

The pressure generated during contraction of the atria is ________ that generated during contraction of the ventricles.

less than

parietal pleura

lines the thoracic cavity. outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

What causes the increased size of an activated cervical lymph node during infection?

lymphocyte division

Which of the following are located in the spleen's white pulp?

lymphocytes

The ________ pulp is responsible for the immune functions of the spleen.

white

Assume that the heart is beating at 70 beats per minute. What is the approximate length of the cardiac cycle?

0.86 sec

Recall from the video the steps of how to measure blood pressure using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff). Note that before measuring blood pressure in lab, the subject should be in a seated position with his or her sleeve rolled up to expose the arm. Place the steps in the correct order from left to right.

Blood pressure is calculated as systolic pressure over diastolic pressure and is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). The first number recorded is the systolic pressure, and the second number recorded is the diastolic pressure. The average normal blood pressure is 120/80, although normal blood pressure varies considerably from person to person.

Which lymphoid organ extracts aged and defective blood cells and platelets from the blood in addition to storing some of the breakdown products for later reuse?

C. spleen The spleen harbors macrophages that ingest and recycle materials from erythrocytes that have aged or become damaged.

Match the following structure with its function: Lymph nodes.

Distinct bean-shaped structures that "filter" lymph fluid as it is moved toward the circulatory system

Match the following term to its description: Reticular cell.

Fibroblast-like cell that produces the reticular fiber stroma

Match the lymphoid structure with the correct characteristic: Tonsils.

Invite infection to promote immunity

Match the following term with its description and/or location: Peyer's patches.

Isolated clusters of lymph follicles located mostly in the wall of the appendix

Which of the following statements about the spleen is false?

It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident

Match the following term with its description and/or location: Thymus gland.

Located in the inferior neck and extends into the superior thorax

__________, which serve as filters for the lymphatic system, occur at various points along the lymphatic vessels.

Lymph nodes

Match the following term with its description and/or location: Tonsils.

Lymphoid organs; found around the entrance to the pharynx

Collections of lymphoid tissues, called MALT, are strategically placed throughout the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary systems. Which one of these is located at the end of the small intestine?

Peyer's patches

Match the following structure with its function: Lymphoid tissue.

Provides a proliferation site for lymphocytes and furnishes surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages

Functions of the spleen

Recycles the breakdown products of red blood cells for later reuse. It releases the breakdown products to the blood for processing by the liver and stores some of the iron salvaged from hemoglobin. Stores blood platelets and monocytes for release into the blood when needed. May be a site of erythrocyte production in the fetus.

Which of the following is NOT a role of the spleen?

Serve as a site of T cell maturation

Match the following term with its description and/or location: Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT).

Small lymphoid tissues found in digestive and respiratory tracts

Match the following term with its description and/or location: Spleen.

Soft, blood-rich organ about the size of a fist (largest lymphoid organ)

In addition to its lymphoid function, this organ holds a reservoir of platelets.

Spleen

A common way to distinguish an infection from cancerous growth in the lymph nodes is?

Swelling due to cancer is often painless.

The bubonic plaque was named for what condition?

Swollen lymph nodes

Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are

T lymphocytes

Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are __________.

T lymphocytes

B lymphocytes

The B lymphocytes are named B cells because they mature in the Bursa of Fabricus (a lymphoid organ of birds, where they were first discovered) and the T lymphocytes are named T cells because they mature in the Thymus. This is also where they become immunocompetent.

Which statement is TRUE about lymph nodes?

They have fewer efferent vessels than afferent vessels.

Match the following area of a lymph node with its description: Efferent lymphatic vessels.

Vessels leaving the lymph node

Is it possible to determine blood pressure from a cardiac cycle graph? Why or why not?

Yes, both systolic and diastolic pressures can be read

If you cut yourself and blood spurts rhythmically from the injury, you have probably cut ________

an artery

Lymphangitis is caused by ______.

an infection

Changes in pH and oxygen concentrations in the blood are monitored by chemoreceptor regions in the __________.

aortic and carotid bodies

This structure, attached to the first part of the large intestine, is in an ideal location to destroy bacteria before they breach the intestinal wall.

appendix

Which of the following are primary lymphoid organs?

bone marrow and thymus

MAP

can be calculated as diastolic pressure plus one-third the pulse pressure because the ventricles spend more time in diastole.

The respiratory membrane includes the ________.

capillary and alveolar walls and their fused basal laminae

What vessel serves as the source of the spleen's blood supply from the aorta?

celiac truck?

Where are the three large clusters of superficial lymph nodes?

cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions. The neck, inguinal area, and armpits have large clusters of lymph nodes to protect major areas of the body. They are located where collecting lymphatic vessels converge to form trunks.

Select the pair below that is a correct match of the structure and zone.

conducting zone, trachea

In the tonsils, these structures trap bacteria and other foreign material.

crypts

visceral pleura

inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue

blood pressure

is the force per unit area exerted on a blood vessel wall by the blood, and it fluctuates with the alternating contraction and relaxation of the ventricles.

The QRS complex of the electrocardiogram begins

just prior to ventricular contraction

Which region of the body is drained by the highlighted duct?

left arm

Which of the following are the principal lymphoid organs in the body?

lymph nodes

Which structures are highlighted?

lymph nodes

inguinal nodes

lymph nodes in the groin region

cervical nodes

lymph nodes in the neck region

The filtration of lymph and activation of the immune system are the two basic functions of the

lymph nodes. Lymph nodes act as biological filters to trap infectious agents, but they also serve as a site for presentation of these agents in order to activate the immune system.

Large lymph capillaries in a lymph node spanned by crisscrossing reticular fibers are known as __________.

lymph sinuses

right lymphatic duct

lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body

pericardium

membranous sac enclosing the heart

What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral cavity?

palatine tonsils

The portion of the serous membrane that lines the thoracic walls is called the ________.

parietal pleura

Which of the following distinguishes lymphatic vessels from veins?

permeability of the walls. Lymphatics can collect and carry large materials, even some cellular debris, that cannot penetrate the walls of veins. Inflammation further increases their permeability.

The __________ tonsils are also called the adenoids.

pharyngeal

Which tonsil is located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and is referred to as the adenoids if it is enlarged?

pharyngeal tonsil. The pharyngeal tonsil is located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and is referred to as the adenoids if it is enlarged.

Which lymph cells produce antibodies?

plasma cells

systolic pressure

pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction

By taking a pulse you can determine ________.

pulse rate, regularity of the pulse, and strength of the pulse

Select the mechanism below that is NOT involved in the flow of lymph through the lymphatic vessels.

pumping action of the heart

Select the mechanism below that is not involved in the flow of lymph through the lymphatic vessels.

pumping action of the heart

The functions of the lymph system include all of the following except

removing worn out erythrocytes from the system

cardiac cycle

represents all of the events of the heart during one heartbeat

The lymphoid tissue's structural framework is composed of __________.

reticular connective tissue

The alveoli are made up of ________.

simple squamous epithelium

What type of epithelial tissue forms the walls of the alveoli?

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT used to propel lymph through lymphatic vessels?

small heart-like pumps. There is no direct pumping action in the lymphatic system. Movement of fluid depends on factors such as gravity and body movement.

red pulp

specialized tissue within the spleen that performs its phagocytic function

Which lymphatic structure may also be a site of erythrocyte production in the fetus?

spleen

Which of these lymphatic organs is organized with trabeculae and compartments containing white pulp and red pulp?

spleen

The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs such as ____.

spleen, and thymus

Which of the following tools are most commonly used to measure blood pressure indirectly?

stethoscope; sphygmomanometer

Which lobes of the lungs are found in the apex?

superior

A sentinel node is the first lymph node

that receives lymph drainage from a body area suspected of cancer

pulse pressure

the calculated as systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure and indicates the additional pressure in the artery when ventricles are contracting.

diastolic pressure

the pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxation

Blood pressure is

the pressure of blood against the wall of a blood vessel.

white pulp

the region of the spleen composed of lymphatic tissue, mostly B lymphocytes

Lymph from what regions of the body is drained into the right lymphatic duct?

the right upper limb, the right side of the head, and the thorax. Lymphatic materials from the right side of the body above the diaphragm enter the venous circulation via the right lymphatic duct.

henry's law

the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid

The lymphoid organ(s) located in the throat that defend(s) against invading bacteria coming in through the mouth and nose is (are) __________.

the tonsils

Which of the following vessels delivers lymph into the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein?

thoracic duct. The thoracic duct delivers lymph into the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein.

Lymph from the right leg ultimately is delivered to which duct in the thoracic region?

thoracic duct. lymph from the entire body below the diaphragm, right and left, enters the venous circulation via the thoracic duct.

There is a decrease in our ability to fight infection as we age. Which lymphoid organ may have a role in this decline?

thymus

Heart sounds are associated with

turbulent blood flow, closure of the AV valves, and closure of the semilunar valves

When the upper limb is raised, and the pressure cuff inflated, blood flow to the forearm is stopped, and the hand ________.

turns very pale

The term systole refers to

ventricular contraction

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is longest?

ventricular diastole

Match the lymphoid structure with the correct characteristic: Appendix.

A tubular offshoot from the first part of the large intestine.

Which of the following lists the correct order of lymph flow through the lymph node?

Afferent vessel, subcapsular sinus, medullary sinuses, efferent vessel

Choose the TRUE statement about the thymus

After puberty, the thymus begins to decrease in size.

__________ , tiny balloonlike structures, are composed of a single thin layer of squamous epithelium. They are the main structural and functional units of the lung and the actual sites of gas exchange.

Alveoli

Which of the following is the most abundant cell type found in the germinal center in a lymph node?

B lymphocytes

Match the following term to its description: Dendritic cell.

Captures antigens and brings them back to lymph nodes

Match the lymphoid structure with the correct characteristic: Thymus.

Causes T cells to become immunocompetent

T cells

Cells created in the thymus that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)?

The spleen

Which cartilage belonging to the larynx anchors vocal cords?

arytenoid cartilage

The thoracic duct runs parallel and close to all of the following EXCEPT the __________.

iliac arteries

Where is the spleen located?

in the left side of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach. The spleen is located in the left side of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and is curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach. Its position leaves it vulnerable to damage in certain vehicle collisions.

two lymphatic tissue masses which are located on each side of the oropharynx, in the back of the throat

lingual tonsil?

Peyer's patches

located in the small intestine, and they guard against bacteria from the large intestine.

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

returns leaked fluid and plasma proteins that escape from the bloodstream to the blood. Hydrostatic and osmotic pressures in capillary beds combine in such a way that some fluid is lost by capillaries that cannot be regained by them. These fluids return to venous circulation through the lymphatic system.