Ch. 19 Pelvic Anatomy

In premenarche, the size of the uterine cervix is expected to be: a. half the size of the corpus b. equal to the uterine corpus c. twice as large as the corpus d. equal to the uterine fundus

c. the cervix is twice as large as the corpus during premenarche. The cervix-to-corpus ratio 2:1.

31. Which of the following attaches to the ovary? a. peritoneum b. broad ligament c. tunica albuginea d. ovarian ligament

b. The ovaries attach to the mesovarian portion of the broad ligament. The tunica albuginea is an outer covering of the ovary.

38. Which uterine anomaly most likely demonstrates a slight indentation of the fundal contour? a. septate b. didelphys c. bicornuate d. unicornuate

a.

42. Which congenital uterine anomaly does not distort the normal contour of the fundus? a. arcuate b. unicornuate c. didelphys d. bicornuate

a.

43. Partial fusion of the caudal mullerian ducts will most likely result in an anomaly of the: a. uterus b. ovary c. vagina d. fallopian tube

a.

35. The cornua of the uterus is located between the: a. corpus and fundus of the uterus b. corpus and cervix of the uterus c. uterine fundus and fallopian tube d. uterine corpus and fallopian tube

c.

36. The spiral artery provides the primary blood supply to which of the following pelvic structures? a. vagina b. ovaries c. endometrium d. fallopian tubes

c.

39. It is common to visualize a small amount of free fluid in the: a. prevesical space b. space of Retzius c. retrouterine space d. vesicouterine space

c.

44. The pelvis is divided into the true and false pelvis by the: a. iliac bones b. broad ligaments c. iliopectineal line d. iliopsoas muscles

c.

Which of the following most accurately describes the perimetrium a. The perimetrium lines the uterine cavity b. The perimetrium is composed of smooth muscle c. The serosal surface of the uterus is termed the perimetrium d. The perimetrium is composed of Connective Tissue and large blood vessels.

c. The external or serosal layer of the uterus is termed the perimetrium.

Which segment of the fallopian tube may be visualized under normal conditions? a. isthmus b. ampulla c. interstitial d. infundibular

c. The interstitial segment of the fallopian tube extends laterally from the uterine wall and may be visualized in normal conditions as an echogenic tenuous structure.

Which segment of the fallopian tube connects with the uterus? a. ampulla b. isthmus c. interstitial d. infundibulum

c. The interstitial segment of the fallopian tube passes through the cornua of the uterus. The infundibulum is the most lateral segment of the oviduct.

45. The pelvic floor is formed by pelvic: a. bones and muscles b. bones and ligaments c. organs and ligaments d. ligaments and muscles

d.

50. Ovarian volume is the highest during the: a. luteal phase b. follicular phase c. menstrual phase d. periovulatory phase

d.

The flanged portions of the iliac bones form the: a. lateral border of the true pelvis b. posterior border of the true pelvis c. inferior border of the true pelvis d. posterior border of the false pelvis

d. The flanged portions of the iliac bones and the base of the sacrum form the posterior boundary of the false pelvis.

32. Ovarian volume is lowest during the: a. luteal phase b. ovulatory phase c. menstrual phase d. periovulatory phase

a. ovarian volume is lowest during the luteal phase and highest during the periovulatory phase

34. Visualization of pelvic ligaments appears on sonography as: a. hypoechoic ovoid structures b. hyperechoic linear structures c. hyperechoic tubular structures d. hypoechoic tortuous structures

b.

37. Congenital uterine anomalies are associated with coexisting anomalies of the: a. ovaries b. kidneys c. oviducts d. adrenal glands

b.

46. The uterosacral ligament extends from the lateral margins of the sacrum to the: a. cornua b. superior cervix c. inferior fundus d. inferior vagina

b.

49. Which of the following structures is not lined by the peritoneum? a. cervix b. ovary c. bowel d. oviduct

b.

The region including the ovary and fallopian tube is termed the: a. oviduct b. adnexa c. fimbriae ovarica d. space of Retzius

b. Adnexa is the term used to describe the region of the ovary and fallopian tube. The one fimbriae attached to the ovary is termed the fimbriae ovarica.

What measuring endometrial thickness, calipers are placed from: a. superior interface to inferior interface b. echogenic interface to echogenic interface c. echogenic interface to hypoechoic interface d. hypoechoic interface to hypoechoic interface.

b. Only the functional layer (echogenic) is included when measuring endometrial thickness. The hypoechoic basal layer or fluid within the endometrial cavity is not included when measuring the thickness of the endometrium.

Secondary blood supply to the ovaries is through the a. arcuate arteries b. uterine arteries c. ovarian arteries d. hypogastric arteries

b. The ovaries receive blood primarily from the ovarian arteries and secondarily through the uterine arteries. The uterine arteries arise from the hypogastric (internal iliac) arteries.

Prominant anechoic structures near the periphery of the uterus most likely represent: a. adenomyosis b. arcuate vessels c. nabothian cysts d. physiological cysts

b. arcuate vessels are commonly visualized near the periphery of the uterus as anechoic circular structures. Adenomyosis may demonstrate anechoic areas within the myometrium.

The vesicouterine pouch is located: a. posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectum b. anterior to the uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder c. posterior to the symphysis pubis and anterior to the uterus d. anterior to the symphysis pubis and posterior to the rectus abdominis

b. the vesicouterine pouch (anterior cul de sac) is located anterior to the uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder. The retrouterine space (posterior cul de sac) is located posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectum.

40. The section of time previous to the onset of menstration is termed: a. puberty b. menarche c. premenarche d. perimenopause

c.

41. Which of the following is a surface region located below the pelvic floor? a. mesentery b. omentum c. perineum d. peritoneum

c.

47. The innermost layer of the myometrium is termed the: a. basal zone b. functional zone c. junctional zone d. albuginea zone

c.

48. In the menarche patient, the endometrial thickness should not exceed: a. 8 mm b. 10 mm c. 14 mm d. 20 mm

c.

Which of the following correctly measures endometrial thickness? a. anterior-posterior dimension in the coronal plane b. transverse dimension in the coronal plane c. anterior-posterior dimension in the sagittal plane d. anterior-posterior diameter in the transverse

c. The anterior-posterior dimension of the endometrium is only measured in the sagittal plane.

The fallopian tubes are: a. covered by perineum b. contained in the inferior portion of the round ligament c. derived from the nonfused caudal portion of the mullerian ducts. d. contained in the superior portion of the broad ligament

d. The fallopian tubes are covered by peritoneum and contained within the superior portion of the broad ligament. They are derived from the nonfused cranial portion of the mullerian ducts.

Which pelvic ligament extends from the cornua of the uterus to the medial aspect of the ovary a. round b. broad c. cardinal d. ovarian

d. The ovarian ligament extends from the cornua of the uterus to the medial aspect of the ovary. The round ligament arises in the cornua of the uterus and extends to the pelvic sidewalls.

33. The fallopian tube divides into which of the following segments? a. fimbria, isthmus, cornua, ampulla b. isthmus, ampulla, cornua, interstitial c. ampulla, infundibulum, fimbria, isthmus d. interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum

d. The segments of the fallopian tube include the interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, and infundibulum.

Failure of the mullerian ducts to fuse will most likely result in: a. uterine septate b. uterine agenesis c. bicornuate uterus d. uterine didelphys

d. failure of the mullerian ducts to fuse will result in uterine didelphys. Partial failure of these ducts to fuse will result in a bicornuate uterus.

The ovary is attached to the pelvic sidewall by the: a. broad ligament b. round ligament c. ovarian ligament d. suspensory ligament

d. suspensory ligaments extend from the lateral aspect of the ovary to the pelvic sidewalls. The broad ligaments extend from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the pelvic sidewalls.