Ch 2 The Chemistry of Life

A large molecule that consists of many identical or similar subunits, such as protein, DNA, or starch is a(n) ________________

Polymer

What term is used to describe reactions that can proceed in either direction?

Reversible

A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a slightly _______________ hydrogen atom of one molecule a slightly ______________ oxygen or nitrogen atom of another

positive........negative

The study of molecules and chemical reactions that occur in living cells

Biochemistry

A base is a compound that acts as a proton _____________

Acceptor

Solutions with a pH below 7 a re considered to be which of the following?

Acidic

Solutions with a pH below 7 are considered to be which of the following?

Acidic

What is an ion?

An atom that has gained or lost electrons

Metabolic reactions that use energy and build more complex molecules from less complex molecules are considered which type of reaction?

Anabolic

What is the term for an ion with a net negative charge (more electrons than protons)

Anion

Which of the following best describes what occurs in an exchange reaction?

Atoms are traded between molecules

A pH of 7.5 is considered to be which of the following?

Basic

Substances that resist changes in pH are known as ___________

Buffers

Which of the following is an example of a mineral?

Calcium

The _____________________ family of macromolecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio and include sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose

Carbohydrate

Which element is the foundation of biological molecules? (It is able to form a wide variety of compounds because it has four valence electrons)

Carbon

Which term refers to an attractive force caused by the sharing or transfer of electrons?

Chemical bond

Which term can apply to a molecule composed of two or more different elements?

Compound

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

Electron

An input of ________________ is required for a system to perform work

Energy

Groups of atoms that are added to carbon backbones and that give organic molecules a variety of unique properties are generally known as _______________ groups

Functional

Which monosaccharide is the monomer that forms glycogen and starch

Glucose

A starch molecule may contain thousands of smaller glucose subunits. What statement describes this?

Glucose is a monomer of starch

pH is a measurement of the concentration of what?

Hydrogen Ions

A chemical bond that involves that attraction of a cation to an anion is called a(n) _______________ bond

Ionic

Molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are example of ___________________________ because they are made of many repeating subunits

Macromolecules

The term __________________ refers to the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body

Metabolism

A ___________ consists of substances that are physically blended but not chemically bound

Mixture

Adding together the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule gives a value known as its __________________ weight

Molecular

What is the term to referring to simple sugar, or sugar monomer?

Monosaccharide

Which term applies to a solution with a pH of 7.0?

Neutral

The uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom is a(n) ____________

Neutron

Isotopes differ from one another by containing different numbers of which subatomic particle?

Neutrons

A cation has a net ___________ charge

Positive

A(n) _____________ is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Proton

What term refers to the positively charged particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom?

Proton

What best defines an acid?

Proton donor

What best describes a covalent bond?

Sharing of electrons between two atoms

Saltwater is a solution made out of NaCl (salt) dissolved in water. In this case, water is the solvent and NaCl is the ___________

Solute

A _________ is a defined as a substance consisting of a solute mixed with a more abundant substance called the solvent

Solution

Two amino acids are brought together to form a depicted. Which type of reaction is this?

Synthesis

T/F: A chemical reaction is a process in which a covalent or ionic bond is broken or formed

True

T/F: A molecule may be composed of one element or more than one element

True

T/F: To move so meting, one is required to do work

True

Disaccharides are composed of how many covalently-bonded simple sugars?

Two

Which of the terms below can be applied to glucose (C6H1206)

a. Molecule b. Compound